The nurse is examining a 12-month-old who was brought to the clinic for persistent, painful diaper rash after being treated for otitis media with antibiotics. The nurse finds red perianal inflammation with satellite lesions. This is most likely caused by:
Varicella
Candida albicans
Impetigo
Bacterial infection
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is not the correct cause, as varicella is a viral infection that causes a blister-like rash all over the body, not just in the diaper area. Varicella also causes fever, headache, and malaise.
Choice B reason: This is the correct cause, as Candida albicans is a type of fungus that can cause diaper rash, especially after antibiotic use. Antibiotics can disrupt the normal flora of the skin and allow the fungus to grow. Candida albicans causes red, inflamed skin with small, raised bumps around the edges.
Choice C reason: This is not the correct cause, as impetigo is a bacterial infection that causes honey-colored crusts on the skin, usually around the mouth and nose. Impetigo is contagious and can spread to other parts of the body or other people.
Choice D reason: This is not the correct cause, as bacterial infection is too vague and nonspecific. Bacterial infection can cause different types of skin rashes, depending on the type and location of the bacteria. Bacterial infection may also cause other symptoms, such as fever, pus, or swelling.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Clear liquids are not the best intervention for acute diarrhea and dehydration in children. Clear liquids are fluids that are transparent or translucent, such as water, broth, tea, or juice. They may provide some hydration, but they do not contain enough electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride) to replace the losses from diarrhea. They may also worsen diarrhea by increasing the osmotic load in the gut.
Choice B reason: Absorbents such as kaolin and pectin are not recommended for acute diarrhea and dehydration in children. Absorbents are substances that bind to toxins, bacteria, or water in the gut, and are supposed to reduce the frequency and volume of stools. However, there is no evidence that they are effective or safe for children with diarrhea. They may also interfere with the absorption of other medications or nutrients.
Choice C reason: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the preferred intervention for acute diarrhea and dehydration in children. ORS is a specially formulated solution that contains water, glucose, and electrolytes in the right proportions to replenish the losses from diarrhea. ORS can prevent or treat dehydration, and can also reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea. ORS is widely available, inexpensive, and easy to use. It should be given to children with diarrhea as soon as possible, and continued until the diarrhea stops.
Choice D reason: Antidiarrheal medications are not advised for acute diarrhea and dehydration in children. Antidiarrheal medications are drugs that slow down the movement of the gut, reduce the secretion of fluids, or kill the bacteria that cause diarrhea. However, they are not effective for viral diarrhea, which is the most common cause of diarrhea in children. They may also have serious side effects, such as constipation, abdominal pain, drowsiness, or allergic reactions. They may also mask the symptoms of more serious conditions, such as appendicitis or bowel obstruction.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is the correct statement, as the knee-chest position can help reduce the cyanosis and hypoxia in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. This position increases the systemic vascular resistance and decreases the right-to-left shunting of blood, improving the pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation¹².
Choice B reason: This is not a correct statement, as the Trendelenburg position can worsen the cyanosis and hypoxia in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. This position decreases the systemic vascular resistance and increases the right-to-left shunting of blood, reducing the pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation¹².
Choice C reason: This is not a correct statement, as feeding the infant every 2 hours around the clock can cause overfeeding and fatigue in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. These infants may have poor appetite and weight gain due to their cardiac condition, and they may need frequent rest periods during feeding. Feeding the infant on demand or every 3 to 4 hours may be more appropriate¹³.
Choice D reason: This is not a correct statement, as adding rice cereal to the formula can increase the risk of aspiration and choking in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. These infants may have difficulty swallowing and coordinating their breathing, and they may need a thin and easily digestible formula. Adding rice cereal to the formula may also increase the caloric density and volume, which can cause overfeeding and fatigue¹³.
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