The nurse is examining a female patient in an OB clinic who complains of severe pain during menstruation and intercourse.
The nurse suspects endometriosis.
Which of the following is true?
Infertility will most likely not be an issue for this patient.
If the patient gets pregnant, she is more likely to have multiples.
The patient should take acetaminophen for pain relief.
Oral contraceptives may be helpful for this patient.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Infertility is a common issue for women with endometriosis. The endometrial tissue that grows outside the uterus can cause scarring and inflammation, which can block fallopian tubes and prevent eggs from being released or fertilized. Studies have shown that 30-50% of women with endometriosis experience infertility.
It is important to address this potential issue with the patient and discuss options for fertility preservation if desired.
Choice B rationale:
There is no evidence to suggest that women with endometriosis are more likely to have multiples. The likelihood of having multiples is primarily influenced by factors such as genetics, maternal age, and the use of fertility treatments.
Choice C rationale:
Acetaminophen may not be effective for pain relief in women with endometriosis. The pain associated with endometriosis is often severe and can be unresponsive to over-the-counter pain relievers. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen are often more effective in managing endometriosis-related pain.
In some cases, stronger pain medications such as opioids may be necessary.
Choice D rationale:
Oral contraceptives can be helpful for women with endometriosis by:
Suppressing ovulation, which can reduce the amount of endometrial tissue that grows and bleeds each month.
Thinning the uterine lining, which can also reduce pain and bleeding.
Slowing the growth of endometrial tissue.
Oral contraceptives are not a cure for endometriosis, but they can help to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Incorrect. The Human Genome Project revealed that humans have approximately 20,000-25,000 genes, not 1,000. This finding significantly expanded our understanding of the complexity of the human genome.
Choice B rationale:
Incorrect. The concept of one gene producing three proteins is not a discovery from the Human Genome Project. While some genes can produce multiple protein isoforms through alternative splicing, this is not a universal feature of human genes.
Choice C rationale:
Correct. This is a major finding from the Human Genome Project. It highlights that despite our apparent differences, humans share a remarkably high degree of genetic similarity. This finding has implications for understanding human evolution, disease susceptibility, and pharmacogenomics.
Key points:
The vast majority of our DNA is shared among all humans.
The small percentage of genetic variation accounts for individual differences and diversity.
This finding challenges previous notions of race and ethnicity based on genetic differences.
It emphasizes the common origins and shared heritage of all humans.
Choice D rationale:
Incorrect. While single gene testing has become more common for certain genetic disorders, it is unlikely to become a standardized test for all patients in the future. This is due to the complexity of human genetics and the diverse factors that contribute to health and disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Drug/alcohol use: While substance abuse during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes such as preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, and birth defects, it is not considered a primary factor in determining high-risk status for this patient. The specific substances involved (cocaine and alcohol) are indeed associated with risks, but they are not as significant as other factors in this case.
Age: The patient's age of 24 is not considered a high-risk factor for pregnancy. Advanced maternal age (typically defined as 35 years or older) is associated with increased risks for chromosomal abnormalities and other complications, but this patient falls below that age threshold.
Family history: Family history of diabetes mellitus, cancer, and neural tube defects can be relevant to pregnancy risk, but in this case, other factors outweigh their significance.
Choice B rationale:
Blood pressure: The patient's blood pressure of 108/70 mm Hg is within the normal range and does not contribute to highrisk categorization. High blood pressure (hypertension) during pregnancy can lead to preeclampsia and other complications, but this patient does not present with hypertension.
Age: As explained in Choice A, the patient's age is not a high-risk factor.
BMI: A BMI of 17 is considered underweight, which can increase the risk of certain pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and low birth weight. However, in this case, other factors are more significant in determining high-risk status.
Choice C rationale:
Family history: The patient's family history of a neural tube defect (NTD) in a close relative is a significant risk factor for NTDs in her own pregnancy. NTDs are serious birth defects that affect the brain and spinal cord, and they can have lifelong implications for the child. This factor alone warrants a high-risk categorization.
BMI: The patient's underweight BMI of 17 further contributes to her high-risk status, as it can increase the likelihood of certain complications as mentioned earlier.
Drug/alcohol abuse: The patient's admission of cocaine and alcohol use, even if occasional, is a concerning factor for pregnancy. Cocaine, in particular, is a potent vasoconstrictor that can negatively impact fetal growth and development. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), which can cause a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems.
Choice D rationale:
Age: As explained previously, the patient's age is not a high-risk factor.
BMI: The patient's BMI is a contributing factor, but not the most significant one in this case.
Family history: The patient's family history is relevant, but the presence of a neural tube defect in a close relative is the most significant aspect of her family history in terms of pregnancy risk.
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