The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter.

Decreased pressure within the stomach.

Transient constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Prolonged constriction of the upper esophageal sphincter.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring located between the esophagus and stomach. Its function is to prevent the backflow of stomach acid and contents into the esophagus. In GERD, the LES becomes weak or relaxed, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

Small bowel obstruction can lead to the accumulation of gastric contents above the obstruction, causing vomiting.

Obstruction of the small bowel can result in crampy, colicky abdominal pain and abdominal distention.

Electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia (low potassium), can occur due to vomiting and inadequate intake in cases of small bowel obstruction.

The following finding is not directly associated with small bowel obstruction:

Pain relief after eating is more commonly associated with peptic ulcer disease, not small bowel obstruction.

While blood in the stool can be seen in some cases of bowel obstruction, it is more commonly associated with lower gastrointestinal bleeding or other conditions affecting the colon, rather than small bowel obstruction.

A. The patient uses crutches with a swing-to gait. B. The patient sits straight up on the edge of the bed. C. the patient bends over the sink while brushing teeth. D. The patient leans forward to pull on shoes and socks

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The patient bending over the sink while brushing teeth requires intervention by the nurse. After hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach, the patient should avoid bending at the hip greater than 90 degrees to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis. The nurse should instruct the patient to bend at the knees instead of the hips while brushing teeth or doing any other activity that requires bending. The other actions mentioned in the options are appropriate for a patient after hip arthroplasty.

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The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is admitted with a small bowel (small intestine) obstruction. Which assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A patient is being discharged 4 days after hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach. Which patient action requires intervention by the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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