The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter.

Decreased pressure within the stomach.

Transient constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter

Prolonged constriction of the upper esophageal sphincter.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring located between the esophagus and stomach. Its function is to prevent the backflow of stomach acid and contents into the esophagus. In GERD, the LES becomes weak or relaxed, allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A paralytic ileus is a type of bowel obstruction characterized by the impairment or absence of normal bowel motility. It occurs due to the temporary paralysis or dysfunction of the muscles that propel food and waste material through the intestines. After surgery, paralytic ileus can occur as a result of the handling of the intestines during the procedure, the effects of anesthesia, or the body's response to inflammation and trauma.

The absence of bowel sounds is a key indicator of paralytic ileus. Normally, bowel sounds are present and indicate the movement of contents through the intestines. However, in a paralytic ileus, the bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the lack of peristalsis (wave-like contractions that move food along the digestive tract).

A. The patient uses crutches with a swing-to gait. B. The patient sits straight up on the edge of the bed. C. the patient bends over the sink while brushing teeth. D. The patient leans forward to pull on shoes and socks

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The patient bending over the sink while brushing teeth requires intervention by the nurse. After hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach, the patient should avoid bending at the hip greater than 90 degrees to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis. The nurse should instruct the patient to bend at the knees instead of the hips while brushing teeth or doing any other activity that requires bending. The other actions mentioned in the options are appropriate for a patient after hip arthroplasty.

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The nurse is explaining the alteration in normal function to a patient recently diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which etiology contributing to GERD does the nurse include in the teaching session?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client had surgery yesterday and is reporting abdominal discomfort and lack of appetite. The nurse auscultates the abdomen and does not detect bowel sounds. The nurse suspected which type of bowel obstruction?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient is being discharged 4 days after hip arthroplasty using the posterior approach. Which patient action requires intervention by the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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