The nurse is gathering data on a client with a diagnosis of tuberculosis. The nurse should review the results of which diagnostic test to confirm this diagnosis?
Sputum culture
Chest x-ray
Tuberculin skin test
Bronchoscopy
The Correct Answer is A
A. Sputum culture: A sputum culture is the definitive diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB). It involves collecting a sample of the patient’s sputum and testing it for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB. This test confirms active TB infection and is critical in guiding treatment.
B. Chest x-ray: A chest x-ray can show abnormalities in the lungs that may suggest TB, such as infiltrates or cavities, but it cannot confirm the diagnosis. It is often used as a supporting diagnostic tool alongside other tests.
C. Tuberculin skin test: The tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to identify latent TB infection, not active TB. A positive result indicates that a person has been exposed to TB bacteria, but it does not confirm active disease.
D. Bronchoscopy: Bronchoscopy allows for direct visualization of the airways and collection of samples, but it is not the standard diagnostic test for confirming TB. Sputum culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Sputum culture: A sputum culture is the definitive diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB). It involves collecting a sample of the patient’s sputum and testing it for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB. This test confirms active TB infection and is critical in guiding treatment.
B. Chest x-ray: A chest x-ray can show abnormalities in the lungs that may suggest TB, such as infiltrates or cavities, but it cannot confirm the diagnosis. It is often used as a supporting diagnostic tool alongside other tests.
C. Tuberculin skin test: The tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to identify latent TB infection, not active TB. A positive result indicates that a person has been exposed to TB bacteria, but it does not confirm active disease.
D. Bronchoscopy: Bronchoscopy allows for direct visualization of the airways and collection of samples, but it is not the standard diagnostic test for confirming TB. Sputum culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Respiratory alkalosis: This condition is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO2. In this case, the pH is low and PaCO2 is high, indicating that respiratory alkalosis is not present.
B. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is indicated by a low pH and a low bicarbonate level. Here, the pH is low but the bicarbonate level is normal, so metabolic acidosis is not the primary diagnosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition involves a high pH and elevated bicarbonate. The pH in this case is low, so metabolic alkalosis is not present.
D. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is indicated by a low pH and high PaCO2. The client's pH is 7.22 (acidic) and PaCO2 is 68 mm Hg (elevated), which is consistent with respiratory acidosis. The bicarbonate level is normal, indicating that there is no significant metabolic compensation yet.
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