The nurse is planning a teaching session for a patient on preventing urinary tract infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

Choice a reason: Administering intravenous fluids during the procedure is not a common practice in hemodialysis. The primary goal of hemodialysis is to remove excess fluids and waste products from the blood. Administering IV fluids during the procedure would counteract this goal and could potentially lead to fluid overload. Any fluid administration should be carefully monitored and controlled based on the client's specific needs and medical condition.
Choice b reason: Assessing blood pressure before and after the procedure is essential in managing clients undergoing hemodialysis. Hemodialysis can cause significant fluctuations in blood pressure due to the removal of fluid and changes in blood volume. Monitoring blood pressure helps in detecting and managing hypotension or hypertension, ensuring the client's hemodynamic stability throughout the procedure. It also helps in adjusting the dialysis prescription and fluid removal rate to optimize the treatment.
Choice c reason: Encouraging the client to consume a high-sodium diet is not advisable for clients undergoing hemodialysis. High sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and hypertension, which are detrimental to clients with kidney disease. Instead, clients are often advised to follow a low-sodium diet to help control blood pressure and reduce the risk of fluid overload.
Choice d reason: Monitoring electrolyte levels weekly is important but not always adequate. Clients on hemodialysis may require more frequent monitoring of electrolytes, especially potassium, phosphorus, and calcium, to ensure that levels remain within a safe range. Frequent monitoring helps in adjusting the dialysis treatment and dietary recommendations to prevent complications related to electrolyte imbalances.

Choice a reason: Serum creatinine is a waste product formed by the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. It is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. Measuring the serum creatinine level provides critical information about kidney function. High levels of creatinine in the blood indicate impaired kidney function or kidney disease. Regular monitoring of serum creatinine is essential for patients with chronic kidney disease, those taking nephrotoxic medications, or in situations where acute kidney injury is suspected.
Choice b reason: Serum creatinine is not used to measure liver enzymes. Liver function is assessed through different tests, including measurements of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These enzymes indicate liver health and function but are unrelated to serum creatinine levels.
Choice c reason: Evaluating thyroid function involves measuring specific thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), not serum creatinine. Thyroid function tests help diagnose and monitor conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, but they do not provide information about kidney function or serum creatinine levels.
Choice d reason: Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial for managing diabetes, but it is unrelated to serum creatinine. Blood glucose levels are measured using specific tests like fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance tests. These tests help manage blood sugar but do not assess kidney function.