A nurse is checking the laboratory tests for a client who has glomerulonephritis. The nurse should expect to find an increase in which of the following test results?

Choice a reason: Specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in the urine. In glomerulonephritis, urine may be more dilute due to the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine properly, leading to a decrease rather than an increase in specific gravity.
Choice b reason: Creatinine clearance is a measure of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys. In glomerulonephritis, kidney function is impaired, resulting in decreased creatinine clearance. Therefore, an increase in creatinine clearance is not expected in this condition.
Choice c reason: BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and serum creatinine are waste products filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. In glomerulonephritis, the kidneys' filtering capability is compromised, leading to the accumulation of these waste products in the blood. Hence, an increase in BUN and serum creatinine levels is expected in clients with glomerulonephritis, indicating reduced kidney function.
Choice d reason: RBC (red blood cell) count in the blood is not typically affected by glomerulonephritis. However, microscopic hematuria (the presence of red blood cells in urine) is a common finding in glomerulonephritis, indicating damage to the glomeruli. The RBC count in the blood itself is not expected to increase as a result of glomerulonephritis.

Choice a reason: Wearing cotton underwear is recommended to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Cotton is breathable and helps keep the genital area dry, preventing the growth of bacteria. This choice of underwear is actually a preventative measure against UTIs rather than a risk factor.
Choice b reason: Having a healthy immune system is protective against infections, including UTIs. A strong immune system helps the body fight off bacteria that may enter the urinary tract, reducing the likelihood of developing an infection. Therefore, it is not a risk factor for UTIs.
Choice c reason: Drinking plenty of water is a preventive measure for UTIs. Adequate hydration helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract through frequent urination, reducing the risk of infection. Encouraging fluid intake is an important strategy in preventing UTIs.
Choice d reason: Frequent sexual activity is a well-known risk factor for UTIs. Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection. This is especially common in women due to the shorter length of the urethra. Proper hygiene practices, such as urinating after intercourse, can help mitigate this risk.