The nurse is teaching a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about dietary and lifestyle modifications. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan?(Select All that Apply.)

Decrease daily intake of sodium.

Stay upright for a minimum of 1 hour after eating.

Sleep with the head of the bed elevated.

Maintain a high-fiber, low-fat diet.

Avoid snacks between meals.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

A.   While a lower sodium diet is generally beneficial for overall health, it is not specifically linked to managing GERD symptoms. This choice may be included in broader health advice but isn't a primary recommendation for GERD.
B.   Staying upright helps prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, reducing the risk of reflux. This advice helps the digestive process and minimizes symptoms.
C.   This is highly recommended for individuals with GERD. Elevating the head of the bed can help prevent nighttime reflux by using gravity to keep stomach contents from rising into the esophagus during sleep. This practice is effective in managing symptoms.
D.   A high-fiber diet can be beneficial for overall digestive health and may help with GERD symptoms. Low-fat diets are also recommended since high-fat foods can exacerbate reflux by relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter. This is a good recommendation to include in the teaching plan.
E.   This recommendation is not always necessary. While some individuals may find that large meals trigger their GERD symptoms, avoiding snacks isn't universally required. In fact, small, healthy snacks may be tolerated well and can prevent hunger-related reflux symptoms.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Urine retention is not typically associated with appendicitis. While urinary issues may occur with abdominal pain due to other reasons, they do not specifically indicate appendicitis. Therefore, this option is not relevant.
B. Increased lower bowel motility can be seen in various gastrointestinal conditions, but it is not a specific indicator of appendicitis. In fact, appendicitis may lead to decreased bowel motility due to inflammation. Thus, this option is not indicative of appendicitis.
C. Gastric hyperacidity refers to increased stomach acid production and is associated with conditions like gastritis or peptic ulcers, but it is not a clinical indicator of appendicitis. Therefore, this option is not relevant to the diagnosis of appendicitis.
D. Rebound tenderness is a classic sign of appendicitis. It occurs when pressure is applied to the abdomen and then released, causing pain. This indicator suggests irritation of the peritoneum, which can occur with appendicitis.

A. Abdominal cramping B. Profuse diarrhea C. Hyperactive bowel sounds D. A hard, rigid abdomen

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Abdominal cramping can occur with various gastrointestinal conditions, including peritonitis. However, it is not specific to peritonitis and may also be present in conditions like gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction.
B. Profuse diarrhea is typically associated with gastrointestinal infections or inflammatory bowel diseases rather than peritonitis. In fact, peritonitis often leads to reduced bowel activity, potentially resulting in constipation rather than diarrhea.
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds can occur in early stages of peritonitis but are not a classic finding. In many cases of peritonitis, bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the body’s response to inflammation. While it might be observed in some instances, it is not characteristic of peritonitis.
D. This is a classic and significant finding in peritonitis. A hard, rigid abdomen indicates muscle guarding, which is the body’s response to inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum. This rigidity is often referred to as "board-like" and is a key indicator of peritonitis.

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The nurse is teaching a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about dietary and lifestyle modifications. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan?(Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A teenager is admitted with an acute onset of right lower quadrant pain at McBurney point. Appendicitis is suspected. For which clinical indicator should the nurse assess the client to determine if the pain is secondary to appendicitis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What assessment findings support the diagnosis of peritonitis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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