The nurse is assessing a patient prior to surgery for oral cancer. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for the development of this disease?

Consumption of spicy foods.

Daily NSAID use

Cholecystitis

Human Papilloma virus (HPV)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   While some individuals may experience discomfort or irritation from spicy foods, there is no substantial evidence linking spicy food consumption directly to the development of oral cancer. It can cause symptoms like mouth ulcers or gastritis in some people but is not recognized as a significant risk factor for oral cancer.
B.   Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is not directly associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. In some contexts, they may even have protective effects against certain cancers due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, chronic use can lead to other complications, such as gastrointestinal issues, rather than directly influencing oral cancer risk.
C.   Cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, is unrelated to the development of oral cancer. It primarily affects the digestive system and does not have a known link to oral malignancies. Thus, it is not considered a risk factor for oral cancer.
D.   HPV, particularly certain high-risk strains, is recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of oral cancers, especially oropharyngeal cancers. HPV can lead to cellular changes that increase the likelihood of malignancy in the oral cavity.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Abdominal cramping can occur with various gastrointestinal conditions, including peritonitis. However, it is not specific to peritonitis and may also be present in conditions like gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction.
B. Profuse diarrhea is typically associated with gastrointestinal infections or inflammatory bowel diseases rather than peritonitis. In fact, peritonitis often leads to reduced bowel activity, potentially resulting in constipation rather than diarrhea.
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds can occur in early stages of peritonitis but are not a classic finding. In many cases of peritonitis, bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the body’s response to inflammation. While it might be observed in some instances, it is not characteristic of peritonitis.
D. This is a classic and significant finding in peritonitis. A hard, rigid abdomen indicates muscle guarding, which is the body’s response to inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum. This rigidity is often referred to as "board-like" and is a key indicator of peritonitis.

Correct Answer is ["2.5"]

Explanation

Rate (ml/min) = Total Volume (ml) / Time (min).

The total volume of the pantoprazole IV is 10 ml, and the time frame for administration is 4 minutes.

Therefore, the calculation would be: Rate = 10 ml / 4 min, which equals 2.5 ml per minute. So, the nurse should administer 2.5 ml of pantoprazole IV per minute to deliver a total of 40 mg over the 4-minute period

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The nurse is assessing a patient prior to surgery for oral cancer. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for the development of this disease?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What assessment findings support the diagnosis of peritonitis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is administering 40mg/10ml of pantoprazole IV over 4 minutes. How many ml per minute with the nurse administer?

Correct Answer is ["2.5"]

Explanation

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