The nurse is assessing a patient prior to surgery for oral cancer. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for the development of this disease?
Consumption of spicy foods.
Daily NSAID use
Cholecystitis
Human Papilloma virus (HPV)
The Correct Answer is D
A. While some individuals may experience discomfort or irritation from spicy foods, there is no substantial evidence linking spicy food consumption directly to the development of oral cancer. It can cause symptoms like mouth ulcers or gastritis in some people but is not recognized as a significant risk factor for oral cancer.
B. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is not directly associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. In some contexts, they may even have protective effects against certain cancers due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, chronic use can lead to other complications, such as gastrointestinal issues, rather than directly influencing oral cancer risk.
C. Cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, is unrelated to the development of oral cancer. It primarily affects the digestive system and does not have a known link to oral malignancies. Thus, it is not considered a risk factor for oral cancer.
D. HPV, particularly certain high-risk strains, is recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of oral cancers, especially oropharyngeal cancers. HPV can lead to cellular changes that increase the likelihood of malignancy in the oral cavity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach lining and is the most common cause of chronic gastritis. It is associated with the development of peptic ulcers and can lead to long-term inflammation of the stomach lining. This option is the correct answer.
B. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can irritate the stomach lining and cause acute or chronic gastritis, particularly with long-term use. However, while they are significant contributors, they are not the most common cause of chronic gastritis overall.
C. Chronic alcohol consumption can damage the stomach lining and lead to gastritis. While it is a known risk factor for gastric inflammation, it is less common than H. pylori infection as a primary cause of chronic gastritis.
D. Smoking can exacerbate gastric conditions and is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, but it is not a direct or common cause of chronic gastritis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Urine retention is not typically associated with appendicitis. While urinary issues may occur with abdominal pain due to other reasons, they do not specifically indicate appendicitis. Therefore, this option is not relevant.
B. Increased lower bowel motility can be seen in various gastrointestinal conditions, but it is not a specific indicator of appendicitis. In fact, appendicitis may lead to decreased bowel motility due to inflammation. Thus, this option is not indicative of appendicitis.
C. Gastric hyperacidity refers to increased stomach acid production and is associated with conditions like gastritis or peptic ulcers, but it is not a clinical indicator of appendicitis. Therefore, this option is not relevant to the diagnosis of appendicitis.
D. Rebound tenderness is a classic sign of appendicitis. It occurs when pressure is applied to the abdomen and then released, causing pain. This indicator suggests irritation of the peritoneum, which can occur with appendicitis.
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