The nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed asthma. Which instructions should the nurse include to reduce the likelihood of an asthma attack? (Select all that apply)

Avoid smoking.

Call 911 if your peak flow meter reading is in the red zone.

Wash bedclothes in hot water.

Keep house fresh with air fresheners.

Ensure to use your inhaler at least 30 minutes before exercising.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C

Choice A reason: Smoking is a significant trigger for asthma attacks. Tobacco smoke contains numerous irritants and chemicals that can inflame the airways and make asthma symptoms worse. Avoiding smoking, as well as second-hand smoke, is crucial for managing asthma and reducing the likelihood of attacks.

Choice B reason: The peak flow meter is a crucial tool for asthma management. It measures how well air moves out of the lungs. If a reading is in the red zone, it means that the airway is significantly obstructed, and immediate medical intervention is required. Calling 911 ensures that the patient gets timely help, which can be life-saving in severe asthma attacks.

Choice C reason: Washing bed clothes regularly is important because dust mites, which are common asthma triggers, thrive in bedding. Regular washing at a high temperature can kill these mites and reduce their presence, thereby minimizing one of the common indoor asthma triggers.

Choice D reason: Keeping the house fresh with air fresheners is actually not recommended for asthma patients. Many air fresheners contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other chemicals that can irritate the airways and trigger asthma symptoms. Instead, maintaining good ventilation and using non-chemical methods to keep the air fresh is preferred.

Choice E reason: Using an inhaler two hours before exercising is not a standard recommendation for asthma management. Typically, a quick-relief inhaler (bronchodilator) is used 15-30 minutes before exercise to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The two-hour mark is not effective in ensuring the medication's peak action during the exercise period.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A patient with a new-onset of confusion and restlessness is a priority because these symptoms could indicate a serious condition such as hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance, or a neurological event like a stroke. These changes in mental status need to be evaluated immediately to prevent further complications.

Choice B reason: Dizziness after receiving captopril (Capoten) can be a side effect of the medication due to its blood pressure-lowering effects. While it should be monitored, it is not as urgent as the new-onset confusion and restlessness seen in another patient.

Choice C reason: A patient requiring oxygen via nasal cannula with saturations of 97% is stable as the oxygen saturation is within normal limits. This patient does not need to be prioritized over others with more acute symptoms.

Choice D reason: A patient who has received digoxin and has a blood pressure of 100/56 should be monitored, especially for signs of digoxin toxicity. However, this situation is not as critical as the new-onset confusion and restlessness in another patient.

A. "Because of the dysrhythmia, blood backs up in the legs and puts you at risk for blood clots." B. "Because the atria are quivering, blood flows sluggishly through them, and clots can form along the heart wall, which then could loosen and travel to the lungs or brain." C. "The medications that you are taking cause blood clots as a side effect so you need this medication to prevent them."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: The statement "Because of the dysrhythmia, blood backs up in the legs and puts you at risk for blood clots" is incorrect. Atrial fibrillation primarily causes blood to pool in the atria, not the legs.

Choice B reason: The statement "Because the atria are quivering, blood flows sluggishly through them, and clots can form along the heart wall, which then could loosen and travel to the lungs or brain" accurately explains the risk of clot formation in atrial fibrillation and the importance of anticoagulant therapy to prevent strokes and other complications.

Choice C reason: The statement "The medications that you are taking cause blood clots as a side effect so you need this medication to prevent them" is incorrect. Anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation is used to prevent clot formation due to the arrhythmia itself, not as a counteraction to the side effects of other medications.

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The nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed asthma. Which instructions should the nurse include to reduce the likelihood of an asthma attack? (Select all that apply)

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