The nurse is teaching an elderly client the risks of infection for older adults. Which of the following factors would the nurse include in the education? (Select all that apply.)

Show expected changes in white blood cell counts.

Skin tests for tuberculosis may be falsely negative.

Should receive influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccinations.

Higher risk for respiratory tract and genitourinary infections.

Booster vaccinations are not likely needed as one ages.

May not have a fever with severe infection.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,F

A.   Aging can lead to changes in immune function, including alterations in white blood cell counts. While absolute counts may not be drastically lower, the immune response may be less effective. This is important information as it helps the patient understand their altered immune status and potential infection risks.
B.   Older adults may have a diminished immune response, which can lead to false-negative results in tuberculosis skin tests (e.g., PPD test). This is crucial information, as it can affect diagnosis and treatment decisions, highlighting the need for alternative screening methods.
C.   Vaccinations are critical for older adults to help prevent infections. Influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of these infections, which are more severe in the elderly. This is an essential component of their health maintenance.
D.   Older adults are at increased risk for respiratory tract infections (like pneumonia) and genitourinary infections (like urinary tract infections) due to factors such as comorbidities and changes in immune function. Educating clients about these risks helps them recognize symptoms and seek timely care.
E.   Older adults often require booster vaccinations to maintain immunity, as their immune response may diminish over time. This misinformation could lead to increased susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases.
F.   It is common for elderly individuals to present with atypical signs of infection, including the absence of fever even in severe cases. This is important for both the patient and caregivers to understand, as it may lead to delayed recognition and treatment of infections.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This statement is not typically related to rheumatoid arthritis. RA does not cause low blood sugar directly. While medications or other conditions might affect blood sugar levels, this is not a common symptom or concern specific to RA.
B. Morning stiffness is a hallmark symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. Patients often report increased stiffness and discomfort in their joints upon waking, which can improve with activity throughout the day.
C. While some individuals might gain weight due to reduced physical activity or medication side effects (like corticosteroids), weight loss is also common due to pain and decreased mobility. Thus, this statement is not universally applicable.
D. Abdominal pain is not a primary symptom of RA. However, certain medications used to treat RA, like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, but this is not a direct result of the disease itself.

A. TPN should flow through a filtered IV line B. No other drugs should be infused through the TPN line C. If TPN gets stopped or runs out, hang a bag of D10% W D. TPN IV tubing and bag should be changed every 24 hrs E. TPN should be administered through a central line

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Using a filtered IV line helps remove any particulate matter that could be present in the TPN solution, reducing the risk of complications such as phlebitis or embolism.
B. TPN should have its own dedicated line to prevent incompatibilities and ensure the TPN solution is delivered without interference. Infusing other medications through the same line can lead to complications and reduce the effectiveness of TPN.
C. If TPN gets stopped or runs out, a bag of 5% dextrose in water (D5W) should be hung to prevent hypoglycemia. D10% is too concentrated and can cause hyperglycemia.
D. To minimize the risk of infection and maintain sterility, TPN bags and tubing should be replaced every 24 hours. This helps prevent bacterial growth in the TPN solution.
E. TPN is typically administered through a central line because it allows for the infusion of hypertonic solutions that can irritate peripheral veins. Central lines provide better access to larger blood vessels, reducing the risk of complications.

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The nurse is teaching an elderly client the risks of infection for older adults. Which of the following factors would the nurse include in the education? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following is are appropriate nursing interventions to ensure the safety of a patient who is receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

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