In caring for a client who is taking oral hypoglycemic agents, the nurse recognizes these medications are used in the treatment of which type of diabetes?

gestational, requiring therapy for a very short time

type 1, not stable with insulin administration only

type 1 and type 2, not controlled by diet and exercise

type 2, not controlled with diet and exercise.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Gestational, requiring therapy for a very short time: Oral hypoglycemic agents are typically not recommended for gestational diabetes, as insulin is usually the preferred treatment for managing blood glucose levels during pregnancy.

B. Type 1, not stable with insulin administration only: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency. Oral hypoglycemic agents are designed for type 2 diabetes, where the body still produces insulin but has insulin resistance.

C. Type 1 and type 2, not controlled by diet and exercise: Oral hypoglycemic agents are typically not used for type 1 diabetes. These medications are primarily for type 2 diabetes, when diet and exercise alone are insufficient to manage blood sugar.

D. Type 2, not controlled with diet and exercise: Oral hypoglycemic agents are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes when diet and exercise alone are insufficient to manage blood glucose levels. These medications help improve insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin production, or decrease glucose production in the liver.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Sore throat: A sore throat could be a sign of agranulocytosis, a serious side effect of propylthiouracil (PTU), which can lower the white blood cell count, leading to a weakened immune system. It is essential to report this symptom to the physician immediately, as this may indicate a need for discontinuing the medication or adjusting the treatment plan.

B. Excitability: Excitability is not typically a serious side effect of PTU. In fact, hyperthyroidism itself can cause symptoms like anxiety and nervousness, but these are not as critical as other potential adverse effects like agranulocytosis.

C. Muscle aches: While muscle aches can occur in people with hyperthyroidism or as a side effect of medications, they are not as concerning as sore throat in the case of PTU therapy. Muscle aches are more common in hypothyroid conditions or as a non-specific symptom.

D. Weight loss: Weight loss can be a symptom of hyperthyroidism, but it is not as urgent as the potential for agranulocytosis and is not a reason to immediately report to the physician unless it is extreme or accompanied by other symptoms of serious complications.

A. bulging eyeballs B. thin silky hair C. fine muscle tremors D. periorbital edema

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Bulging eyeballs: Bulging eyeballs (exophthalmos) is typically associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves' disease, not hypothyroidism. In myxedema (severe hypothyroidism), eye changes are not characterized by bulging.

B. Thin silky hair: Hypothyroidism is more likely to cause dry, coarse hair, not thin or silky hair. Hair thinning is common, but it tends to become more brittle and coarse in hypothyroidism.

C. Fine muscle tremors: Fine muscle tremors are more characteristic of hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism, the muscle tone is often reduced, and some patients may experience muscle weakness or cramping, rather than fine tremors.

D. Periorbital edema: Periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) is a common finding in myxedema and hypothyroidism. It is due to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and water in the tissues, which is a hallmark of severe, untreated hypothyroidism.

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In caring for a client who is taking oral hypoglycemic agents, the nurse recognizes these medications are used in the treatment of which type of diabetes?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism will be taking propylthiouracil (PTU). The nurse provides medication instructions and determines that the client understands the information if the client states that it is most important to report which of the following symptoms to the physician?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of myxedema (hypothyroidism). Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to note in this client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Total your intake in ml. From 0700-1900 your patient consumed 8 oz orange juice, 10 cc flush, 8 oz coffee w/ 1 oz of cream, 12 oz soda, 4 oz chicken broth, 6 oz soda. 8 oz ice chips, 100 cc/hr IV infusion.

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