The nurse is working on a telemetry unit at a local hospital. The nurse obtains report on a client with symptoms of sharp chest pain and tachycardia. The nurse begins to collect and critically think through assessment data. Which client symptom distinguishes between a myocardial infarction and myocarditis?

Pulse deficit

Relief of pain when sitting up

White frothy sputum

+3 Peripheral edema

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Pulse deficit: A pulse deficit can occur in both myocardial infarction (MI) and myocarditis due to arrhythmias. It is not a distinguishing feature between the two conditions.
B. Relief of pain when sitting up: Chest pain that improves when sitting up and worsens when lying down is characteristic of myocarditis or pericarditis, not MI. MI pain typically remains constant and is not position-dependent.
C. White frothy sputum: This is more indicative of pulmonary edema associated with heart failure, which can result from either MI or myocarditis, and does not help differentiate the two.
D. +3 Peripheral edema: Peripheral edema may occur with chronic heart failure but is not specific to either condition in the acute setting. It’s more associated with long-term fluid retention.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Participate in a study group and prepare well before exams: While preparation reduces uncertainty and improves confidence, it is a general academic strategy. It does not directly address acute anxiety symptoms during the test-taking moment.
B. Use breathing techniques to reduce anxiety: Breathing exercises activate the parasympathetic nervous system, helping lower heart rate and calm the mind. This behavioral technique is effective in managing immediate physiological symptoms of anxiety during testing.
C. Write "I can do this" on an index card and place in view: Positive affirmations may boost confidence but do not directly reduce the body’s physical stress response. They are supportive but less effective in the moment compared to relaxation techniques.
D. Use meditation prior to exams: Meditation is helpful for long-term stress management, but breathing techniques are easier to apply in real-time situations. For acute anxiety just before or during testing, breathing exercises offer more immediate relief.

A. Increased exposure to industrial pollutants B. Increase in women smokers C. Few early symptoms D. Increased incidence among the elderly

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Increased exposure to industrial pollutants: While environmental factors like industrial pollutants increase the risk of developing lung cancer, they do not directly explain the high mortality rate. Early detection plays a larger role in outcomes.
B. Increase in women smokers: Though smoking among women contributes to rising lung cancer rates, it does not explain why the disease is so deadly. Mortality is more closely tied to late-stage diagnosis.
C. Few early symptoms: Lung cancer often progresses silently with vague or absent symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage. This delay in detection reduces the effectiveness of treatment and contributes significantly to high mortality.
D. Increased incidence among the elderly: Older adults are more likely to develop cancer due to age-related factors, but mortality rates remain high primarily because lung cancer is typically diagnosed late, not just because of age.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who is a nursing student reports increased anxiety with test taking. Which behavioral technique is most appropriate for this client to put into practice?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse knows the mortality rate is high in lung cancer clients due to which factor?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is administering captopril to a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. What type of medication does the nurse infer the client is taking?

A client calls the clinic and asks the nurse if using oxymetazoline nasal spray would be all right to relieve nasal congestion caused by seasonal allergies. What instructions should the nurse provide to the client to avoid complications?

A client was driving a car without wearing a seat belt and slid off the road and hit a tree. The client's chest was crushed against a steering wheel. What type of lethal injury does the nurse anticipate the client may have suffered?

The nurse is evaluating the expected outcomes following thrombolytic therapy for a right leg deep vein thrombosis. Which finding(s) confirms a positive outcome? Select all that apply.

All nurses care for clients who are grieving. It is important for the nurse to understand the grieving process for which reason?

The nurse is assisting a binge eater in establishing a dietary plan of care. What instruction is most likely to cause a relapse in behavior?

A client with multiple myeloma is complaining of severe pain when the nurse comes in to give a bath and change position. What is the priority intervention by the nurse?

The nurse is caring for a client with tension pneumothorax. Which nursing assessment would alert the nurse to the development of a mediastinal shift in this client?