The nurse is working on an infectious disease unit. Which client should be assigned to a room with negative airflow, while requiring personnel to use a particulate respirator mask, and requiring staff to observe airborne, as well as standard precautions?
A female adolescent admitted with multiple genital Herpes simplex II lesions.
Twin siblings admitted with scarlet fever that is complicated with pneumonia.
An older client with scabies who is admitted from an extended care facility.
A client with a positive Mantoux and sputum cultures results positive for acid-fast bacillus (AFB).
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale
A. Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II) primarily spreads through direct contact with the lesions and is not airborne. Airborne precautions and negative airflow rooms are not necessary for this condition.
B. Scarlet fever is caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria and typically spreads through respiratory droplets. However, scarlet fever itself does not require airborne precautions. If complicated with pneumonia, respiratory droplets could potentially spread the infection, but specific airborne precautions are generally not required unless there are other pathogens involved that require it.
C. Scabies is caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite and spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact. It does not require airborne precautions or negative airflow rooms.
D. A positive Mantoux test and sputum cultures positive for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) suggest tuberculosis (TB) infection. TB is spread through airborne droplets (e.g., coughing, sneezing), and therefore, requires airborne precautions including negative airflow rooms to prevent transmission to others.A
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale
A. Blood cultures are typically obtained to identify the causative organism of the liver abscess and to monitor the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy. While repeat blood cultures may be considered if there is concern for ongoing infection or antimicrobial resistance, they may not be the immediate priority in the context of new-onset jaundice.
B. Jaundice indicates possible liver dysfunction, which can occur due to various reasons including progression of the liver abscess, obstruction of the bile ducts, or drug-induced liver injury from antimicrobial therapy. Evaluating liver function tests (such as serum bilirubin, liver enzymes) is essential to assess the extent of liver damage and guide further management.
C. Increasing protein intake is generally not indicated as the immediate response to jaundice. While adequate nutrition is important, specific dietary adjustments should be based on comprehensive assessment findings and medical recommendations.
D. Emergency transport to an inpatient facility may be necessary if the client shows signs of severe complications such as hemodynamic instability, worsening symptoms, or acute liver failure. However, this decision should be based on a thorough assessment of the client's condition and the availability of resources at the community clinic.
Correct Answer is ["18"]
Explanation
(Desired Dose * Volume of IV Bag) / (Concentration of Drug in IV Bag * Time) = Infusion Rate.
For the given prescription, the calculation would be: (900 units/hr * 500 mL) / (25,000 units) = 18 mL/hr.
Therefore, the nurse should program the infusion pump to deliver 18 mL/hr.
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