The nurse is working on an infectious disease unit. Which client should be assigned to a room with negative airflow, while requiring personnel to use a particulate respirator mask, and requiring staff to observe airborne, as well as standard precautions?

Rationale

A. Clenched fists can be a sign of pain in infants. Infants may reflexively clench their fists as a response to discomfort or pain. This behavior is commonly observed during painful procedures or when experiencing pain.

B. While fever can sometimes accompany pain due to inflammation or stress response, it is not typically a reliable indicator of pain in the absence of other signs. Therefore, fever alone is not a specific indicator of pain post-pyloromyotomy.

C. Restlessness or increased agitation can indicate pain in infants. They may squirm, move their arms and legs, or have difficulty settling down. Restlessness is a non-verbal cue that infants use to communicate discomfort or distress.

D. Peripheral pallor could indicate decreased peripheral perfusion, which might occur due to various factors post-operatively, but it is not a direct indicator of pain.

E. Increased respiratory rate can be associated with pain.

F. An increased pulse rate (tachycardia) is a physiological response to pain in infants. Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increased heart rate as the body prepares to respond to stress or discomfort.

Rationale

A. Children with eczema often scratch their itchy skin, which can lead to skin breakdown, bleeding, and secondary infections. Short nails minimize the trauma inflicted on the skin during scratching and help prevent complications.

B. Bathing helps to hydrate the skin and remove allergens, bacteria, and other irritants that can exacerbate eczema. Bathing daily with bath oil helps to moisturize the skin and prevent dryness. Bath oils or emollients should be used instead of harsh soaps, which can strip the skin of natural oils and worsen dryness. However, it's essential to ensure the water is not too hot and to limit bath time to avoid drying out the skin.

C. Moisturizing the skin is a cornerstone of eczema management. Applying a moisturizer, such as baby lotion or emollient cream, helps to hydrate the skin, reduce dryness, and protect the skin barrier. Moisturizers should ideally be applied at least twice daily, especially after bathing or showering when the skin is damp to lock in moisture. Choosing a moisturizer that is fragrance-free and hypoallergenic is beneficial to avoid further irritation.

D. Cotton clothing is recommended for children with eczema because it is breathable and less likely to irritate sensitive skin compared to synthetic fabrics. Cotton allows better air circulation around the skin, which can help prevent overheating and sweating, both of which can exacerbate eczema symptoms. Avoiding wool and synthetic fabrics that can cause friction and irritation is important.