The nurse knows that a common presentation that happens early in HIV infections is:

Non-tender lymph nodes, productive cough.

Chills, aches, flu-like symptoms.

Abdominal cramping, loose stools.

High fever, severe headache, change in mentation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Non-tender lymph nodes and productive cough are more suggestive of later-stage infections or malignancies, not early HIV presentation which resembles acute viral syndrome.

Choice B rationale

Flu-like symptoms such as chills and aches occur during acute retroviral syndrome due to initial viral replication and immune response shortly after HIV infection.

Choice C rationale

Abdominal cramping and loose stools are associated with gastrointestinal infections in later stages of HIV due to opportunistic pathogens, not acute early-stage presentation.

Choice D rationale

High fever, severe headache, and change in mentation are indicative of central nervous system infections or complications in advanced HIV stages, not early acute HIV symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Nitroprusside is a vasodilator for hypertensive crises but is contraindicated in elevated ICP because it increases cerebral blood volume and exacerbates intracranial pressure, worsening the patient's condition.

Choice B rationale

Hypertonic saline (3%) helps reduce ICP by drawing excess fluid from brain tissue into the bloodstream through osmosis, effectively lowering intracranial pressure while maintaining cerebral perfusion.

Choice C rationale

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that reduces fluid overload but does not specifically target ICP. It is less effective in managing the osmotic balance required for intracranial pressure reduction.

Choice D rationale

Norepinephrine is a vasopressor used to treat hypotension and improve perfusion but does not lower ICP and may increase cerebral vasoconstriction, exacerbating intracranial hypertension. .

A. Soft restraints, suction equipment, a penlight. B. An intravenous pump at bedside, copy of a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). C. Suction equipment, oxygen, patent IV access. D. Bed alarm, primed IV line of 5% Dextrose in water.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Soft restraints are utilized for agitation but are not prioritized in epilepsy care. Emergency equipment like suction ensures airway safety during seizures.

Choice B rationale

Glasgow Coma Scale evaluates neurological function but is less relevant for epilepsy management compared to essential tools like suction equipment for airway protection.

Choice C rationale

Suction equipment and oxygen are vital in epilepsy management to clear secretions and maintain oxygenation during seizures. Patent IV access allows rapid administration of emergency medications.

Choice D rationale

Dextrose infusion is used to treat hypoglycemia rather than seizures. Epilepsy care prioritizes tools like suction and oxygen for immediate seizure-related complications. .

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The nurse knows that a common presentation that happens early in HIV infections is:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When considering the pharmacologic management of a patient who has sustained a traumatic head injury, the nurse can anticipate an order for which of the following medications to manage increases in intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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