The nurse knows that a common presentation that happens early in HIV infections is:
Non-tender lymph nodes, productive cough.
Chills, aches, flu-like symptoms.
Abdominal cramping, loose stools.
High fever, severe headache, change in mentation.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Non-tender lymph nodes and productive cough are more suggestive of later-stage infections or malignancies, not early HIV presentation which resembles acute viral syndrome.
Choice B rationale
Flu-like symptoms such as chills and aches occur during acute retroviral syndrome due to initial viral replication and immune response shortly after HIV infection.
Choice C rationale
Abdominal cramping and loose stools are associated with gastrointestinal infections in later stages of HIV due to opportunistic pathogens, not acute early-stage presentation.
Choice D rationale
High fever, severe headache, and change in mentation are indicative of central nervous system infections or complications in advanced HIV stages, not early acute HIV symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Basilar skull fractures can lead to cerebral injuries and CSF leaks, but do not typically cause anoxic brain injury unless they compromise oxygenation or cause cerebral edema severely reducing blood flow.
Choice B rationale
Prolonged submersion compromises oxygen delivery, leading to diffuse cerebral hypoxia or anoxia, the primary cause of brain injury in drowning victims due to interruption of arterial oxygenation over unknown durations.
Choice C rationale
Epidural or subdural hematomas elevate intracranial pressure and compress brain tissue, but they are not as immediately hypoxic as situations involving complete oxygen deprivation like submersion.
Choice D rationale
Prolonged seizures, or status epilepticus, may disrupt normal metabolic processes, potentially causing neuronal injury. However, primary hypoxia is generally less pronounced than in submersion cases.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Proper nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction enhance psychological well-being, stimulating endorphin release, which improves mood and resilience, essential for managing chronic conditions like HIV.
Choice B rationale
These factors bolster immune function by reducing cortisol levels that impair immunity, supporting T-cell activity and promoting resistance against opportunistic infections common in HIV patients.
Choice C rationale
Maintaining strength and independence aids patients in daily functioning, reducing dependency and enhancing self-efficacy, which is critical for long-term adherence to therapeutic regimens in HIV.
Choice D rationale
Preventing virus transmission requires safe practices, not lifestyle changes alone. Nutrition and exercise cannot alter transmission mechanisms like exposure to body fluids.
Choice E rationale
Eliminating HIV completely necessitates antiretroviral therapy and advancements in medical science; lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient against viral integration within host DNA.
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