A client, who has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), now presents with a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/mm and pneumocystic pneumonia.
A normal range for a CD4+ count is 500-1500 cells/mm.
How would the nurse evaluate these findings? The client:

Is in the latent period of the disease.

Continues to remain in HIV positive status.

Has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Has seroconverted.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

The latent period of HIV includes asymptomatic phases when the CD4+ count remains above 200 cells/mm. Pneumocystic pneumonia and low CD4+ counts signify progression beyond latent HIV.

Choice B rationale

HIV-positive status reflects infection presence, but it does not confirm AIDS unless CD4+ count drops below 200 cells/mm and opportunistic infections occur, such as pneumocystic pneumonia.

Choice C rationale

AIDS is diagnosed when CD4+ count decreases below 200 cells/mm, coupled with opportunistic infections. Pneumocystic pneumonia indicates a weakened immune system due to advanced disease.

Choice D rationale

Seroconversion marks the initial immune response to HIV infection with detectable antibodies but occurs before CD4+ counts decline significantly and opportunistic infections appear.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A ketogenic diet includes high fats, moderate protein, and low carbohydrates, with unsaturated fats emphasized for health. This metabolic state reduces seizure frequency by enhancing ketone production as an alternative energy source for the brain.

Choice B rationale

Increasing carbohydrates disrupts ketosis, the fundamental principle of the ketogenic diet. This would counteract the therapeutic goal of reducing seizure activity by providing glucose as a primary brain fuel instead of ketones.

Choice C rationale

While omega-3 oils support brain health, the ketogenic diet focuses on low carbohydrate intake and high fat. Moderate protein intake is essential, but excess omega-3 emphasis neglects the diet’s structure.

Choice D rationale

Foods high in sodium and carbohydrates contradict the ketogenic diet's principles. Elevated carbohydrate intake halts ketosis, while excess sodium intake is unrelated to ketogenic mechanisms or seizure management.

A. T98.7 F (36.4 C), BP 220/46, HR 30, RR 6, O2 Sat 98% Room Air. B. T92.5 F (33.6 C), BP 90/64, HR 80, RR 14, O2 Sat 97% Room Air. C. T103.1 F (39.5 C), BP 82/50, HR 132, RR 30, O2 Sat 99% Room Air. D. T98.6 F (37 C), BP 200/94, HR 90, RR 18, O2 Sat 100% Room Air.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Extremely high systolic BP (220 mmHg), bradycardia (HR 30), and altered respirations (RR 6) suggest Cushing's triad, a hallmark of increased ICP due to severe brain injury.

Choice B rationale

Hypothermia (T92.5°F) and hypotension (BP 90/64) do not indicate increased ICP but may result from shock or hypothermic conditions affecting autonomic responses.

Choice C rationale

Hyperthermia (T103.1°F) and tachycardia (HR 132) are commonly seen in infection or hypermetabolic states, not directly pointing to raised ICP.

Choice D rationale

Mild hypertension (BP 200/94) with normal HR (90) and RR (18) does not fit the classic signs of increased ICP like Cushing's triad.

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A client, who has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), now presents with a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/mm and pneumocystic pneumonia.A normal range for a CD4+ count is 500-1500 cells/mm.How would the nurse evaluate these findings? The client:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client who is diagnosed with a seizure disorder is prescribed a ketogenic diet.The nurse knows that the client understands the teaching when they state:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with an acute brain injury.Which of the following sets of vital signs would concern the nurse about increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a trauma patient with a suspected brain injury and Battle's Sign.The nurse notices a yellow stain around fluid dripping from the patient's ear.The nurse's priority intervention will be as follows:

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A client, who has tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), now presents with a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/mm and pneumocystic pneumonia.
A normal range for a CD4+ count is 500-1500 cells/mm.
How would the nurse evaluate these findings? The client: