The nurse knows that all of the following are features of ulcerative colitis (UC) except which?
Skip lesions and cobblestone appearance
Risk for bowel perforation and toxic megacolon
Diarrhea, possibly containing blood
Increased risk for colorectal cancer
The Correct Answer is A
A. Skip lesions and a cobblestone appearance are characteristic of Crohn's disease, not ulcerative colitis (UC). UC involves continuous inflammation of the colon, without skip lesions.
B. Ulcerative colitis is associated with a risk for bowel perforation and toxic megacolon, which are serious complications of the disease.
C. Diarrhea containing blood is a common symptom of ulcerative colitis, as it primarily affects the colon and rectum, leading to inflammation and ulceration.
D. Increased risk for colorectal cancer is a known complication of ulcerative colitis, especially with long-term disease duration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hypertonic fluids are not contraindicated in patients with cerebral edema. In fact, they are often used to reduce cerebral swelling by drawing fluid out of the brain tissue into the bloodstream.
B. Hypertonic saline (3%) is used to shift fluid out of brain tissue in conditions such as cerebral edema. It creates an osmotic gradient, pulling water from the intracellular space into the extracellular and vascular compartments, reducing intracranial pressure.
C. Hypertonic saline is not used for clients with hypernatremia because it would exacerbate the condition by further increasing sodium levels.
D. Hypertonic fluids do not promote hydration of brain tissue. Instead, they work to reduce excess fluid in the brain by creating an osmotic effect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A CT scan of the head is not indicated based on the laboratory findings provided. The priority intervention is related to the elevated potassium level.
B. Chvostek’s sign is associated with hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), not hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).
C. A chest X-ray is not the priority intervention for elevated potassium. The primary concern is the potential for cardiac arrhythmias related to the high potassium level.
D. Hyperkalemia (potassium 6.6 mEq/L) can lead to cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should obtain a 12-lead ECG to assess for any changes in the heart's electrical activity, which could indicate serious complications like arrhythmias or cardiac arrest.
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