The nurse meets with the patient to review the patient's treatment goals.
Which characteristic involves accurately perceiving the patient's feelings, perspective, and situation?
Genuineness.
Positive regard.
Empathy.
Non-judgmental attitude.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Genuineness (or congruence) involves the nurse's ability to be authentic, transparent, and real in the relationship, aligning their internal feelings and external expressions. While vital for a therapeutic relationship, it focuses on the nurse's self-presentation rather than the cognitive and affective process of accurately understanding the client's internal experience.
Choice B rationale
Positive regard (or respect) is the non-judgmental attitude that accepts the client unconditionally as a person of worth. It establishes a climate of acceptance and trust but primarily addresses the nurse's attitude towards the client, not the specific intellectual and emotional effort to perceive and understand the client's subjective experience.
Choice C rationale
Empathy is the scientific term for the ability to accurately perceive and understand the client's feelings, perspective, and situation as if the nurse were the client, without losing one's own objectivity. This active process requires cognitive understanding of the client's frame of reference and affective sensitivity to their emotional state, directly matching the description provided.
Choice D rationale
A non-judgmental attitude is a core component of positive regard and involves refraining from moral or personal criticism of the client's behavior or choices. It is a necessary precondition for empathy, as judgment inhibits deep understanding, but it is not the process of perceiving and understanding the client's feelings and perspective itself.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Painful memories are typically repressed and stored in the unconscious level of the mind, according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The unconscious contains thoughts, desires, and memories that are inaccessible to the conscious mind but still influence behavior. These memories are often emotionally charged or traumatic, necessitating repression to reduce psychological distress.
Choice B rationale
Long-term memory involves information and events from the past, which according to Freud, are primarily stored in the preconscious level of the mind. The preconscious holds information that is not currently conscious but can be easily retrieved and brought into awareness when needed, acting as a mental filter between the conscious and unconscious.
Choice C rationale
The conscious level of awareness includes all the mental activities and perceptions that an individual is currently aware of and focusing on at any given moment. Recent memories are part of this current awareness or readily accessible to it. Therefore, a dysfunction in the conscious mind would directly impair the ability to encode, process, and retrieve new or very recent information.
Choice D rationale
All memories encompass information stored across all three of Freud's levels: the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. Since the question specifies dysfunction of only the conscious level, problems would primarily manifest in the domain controlled by that level, which is immediate or recent awareness and processing, not the entire memory structure.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A skull radiograph (X-ray) is a two-dimensional imaging technique that primarily visualizes bone structure and density, which is useful for identifying fractures, calcification, or foreign objects. It provides no information on the metabolic activity or blood flow of brain tissue, which are the biological substrates of brain function.
Choice B rationale
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed anatomical images of soft tissues, including the brain. It provides excellent structural resolution (detecting tumors or lesions) but, in its standard form, offers limited direct, quantitative data on real-time cellular energy consumption or neurotransmitter activity, which characterize function.
Choice C rationale
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan is a nuclear medicine technique that uses a small amount of a radioactive tracer, such as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), to measure metabolic processes like glucose metabolism and regional cerebral blood flow. Since glucose is the brain's primary energy source, areas of higher uptake indicate greater neuronal activity, thus providing crucial functional information.
Choice D rationale
A Computed Tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays from multiple angles to create cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed structural information (e.g., hemorrhage, edema, atrophy) but, similar to MRI, does not offer direct, specific quantification of ongoing, real-time metabolic rate or neurotransmitter release, which are hallmarks of brain function.
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