Which nonverbal behaviors may differ based on cultural background? (Select all that apply)
Using silence.
Personal appearance.
Perception of touch.
Communication style.
Use of eye contact.
Correct Answer : A,C,E
Choice A rationale
The use of silence in communication is significantly influenced by cultural norms. In some cultures, prolonged silence may signify respect, thoughtfulness, or contemplation, whereas in others, it may be interpreted as disagreement, withdrawal, anger, or anxiety. Nurses must be sensitive to these diverse cultural interpretations to avoid misjudging a patient's emotional or mental state during therapeutic interaction.
Choice B rationale
Personal appearance, encompassing clothing, adornments, and grooming, is undeniably influenced by culture but is primarily related to social expression and identity, not a direct nonverbal communication behavior within a clinical interaction. While it may indicate socioeconomic status or cultural affiliation, it's not a behavior that differs in the communication process in the same manner as the other choices.
Choice C rationale
The perception of touch and its acceptability is highly variable across cultures, representing a crucial nonverbal difference. A touch that may be interpreted as caring and supportive in one culture could be considered intrusive, disrespectful, or a violation of personal space in another, necessitating careful cultural assessment before using touch as an intervention.
Choice D rationale
Communication style is a broad concept encompassing various verbal and nonverbal elements. While culture profoundly affects style, this choice is less specific than the others. The actual behaviors that vary are the individual components, like eye contact, use of space, and silence, which are more precise examples of nonverbal behaviors that differ based on cultural background.
Choice E rationale
Use of eye contact is one of the most significant nonverbal behaviors that differs across cultural backgrounds. In some cultures, direct eye contact conveys interest, honesty, and confidence, while in others, particularly those emphasizing respect for elders or authority, sustained eye contact may be seen as challenging, disrespectful, or aggressive, requiring nurses to adapt their approach.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Serotonin 5HT_2 receptors are targeted by many atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Blocking these receptors is associated with desired effects like improved mood and reduced psychosis, but also with side effects like weight gain or hypotension. It is not the primary mechanism responsible for dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision, which are characteristic anticholinergic effects.
Choice B rationale
Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, specifically muscarinic receptors, are blocked by many psychotropic drugs, especially older antidepressants and antipsychotics. This anticholinergic action inhibits parasympathetic nervous system responses, leading to the classic peripheral side effects: dry mouth (xerostomia), constipation (decreased peristalsis), and blurred vision (mydriasis/cycloplegia), which are directly mediated by ACh blockade.
Choice C rationale
Alpha-1 (α_1) adrenergic receptors are blocked by many psychotropic agents, especially antipsychotics. Blocking these receptors causes vasodilation and is primarily associated with orthostatic hypotension (dizziness upon standing) and reflex tachycardia. While it may sometimes contribute to overall side effect burden, it is not the direct cause of the triad of dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision.
Choice D rationale
Histamine (H_1) receptors are blocked by many psychotropic drugs, particularly those with sedative properties. This blockade primarily leads to side effects such as sedation, drowsiness, and weight gain. While it contributes to the overall side effect profile, it is not the main pharmacological mechanism responsible for the distinct cluster of dry mouth, constipation, and blurred vision symptoms.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) project explicitly identifies Patient-Centered Care as one of its six core competencies. This competency emphasizes providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for client's preferences, values, and needs, a principle that is fundamental to effective mental health treatment and recovery-oriented services.
Choice B rationale
This statement describes the conceptual model of recovery in mental health, which is a guiding principle for treatment, but it is not one of the six specific competencies defined and recognized by the QSEN initiative for nursing education and practice across all health settings.
Choice C rationale
This statement relates to genomics, an emerging field in healthcare, especially in understanding genetic predispositions to mental illness and individualized pharmacogenomic treatment responses. While important, it is not listed as one of the six core QSEN competencies, which focus on broader areas of quality and safety improvement.
Choice D rationale
Healthy development is a key concept in developmental psychology and mental health promotion, emphasizing the establishment of a robust psychological foundation. Though highly relevant to preventative mental healthcare, this is a conceptual focus rather than a distinct, explicit competency named and mandated by the QSEN framework.
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