The nurse plans to conduct a physical assessment of a toddler. Which protocol is best for the nurse to implement?
Ensure that the room is warm and undress the child completely.
Have the parent remove the child's outer clothing and remove the diaper or training pants when necessary.
Help the child take off his/her clothes, removing underwear only to conduct examination of the genitalia.
Prior to helping the child remove his/her clothing, use a paper doll to demonstrate removal of clothing.
The Correct Answer is B
A: Ensure that the room is warm and undress the child completely. While a warm room is important to keep the child comfortable, undressing the child completely can cause distress and discomfort, especially in toddlers who may feel exposed and vulnerable.
B: Have the parent remove the child's outer clothing and remove the diaper or training pants when necessary. This approach is more appropriate as it allows the child to remain relatively comfortable and secure. The parent’s involvement helps reassure the child, and only removing necessary clothing minimizes distress. It also allows for targeted examination without fully undressing the child, which is less intimidating for toddlers.
C: Help the child take off his/her clothes, removing underwear only to conduct examination of the genitalia. Assisting the child in removing clothes can be helpful, but it might be more comforting and less invasive if the parent is involved in this process. Removing underwear only when necessary for a genital examination is appropriate, but it might still be distressing for the child without prior explanation and parental presence.
D: Prior to helping the child remove his/her clothing, use a paper doll to demonstrate removal of clothing. Demonstrating the process using a paper doll can be an effective way to prepare the child for what will happen during the assessment, reducing anxiety. However, this is more of a preparatory step rather than a direct protocol for the physical assessment itself. It can be a helpful adjunct to the primary method but is not sufficient on its own.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Explaining the exam: Preschool-aged children might not fully understand the need for an exam, and this might not alleviate their anxiety.
B. Talking to parent and focusing on toy: This strategy prioritizes calming the child first. Talking to the parent helps gather information while the nurse gradually gains the child's trust by acknowledging their toy. This can create a more positive and collaborative environment.
C. Completing assessment while crying: This can be stressful for the child and might hinder an accurate assessment.
D. Requesting extra staff: While additional support might be helpful, the initial approach should focus on building rapport with the child.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ask the client to describe the pain: This is the most crucial step. A good pain description can reveal characteristics like intensity, location, duration, and aggravating/relieving factors, all aiding in diagnosis.
B. Observe body language and movement: Nonverbal cues like grimacing, guarding (tensing muscles), or restlessness can indicate pain severity or location.
C. Identify effective pain relief measures: While this might be helpful later, it's not the primary way to assess pain quality initially.
D. Provide a numeric pain scale: Pain scales can be helpful for quantifying pain intensity, but a full description provides richer details.
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