The nurse recognizes that which of the following types of elder abuse involves the intentional infliction of physical and psychological harm on an older adult?

A. Follow the established protocol for reporting suspected child abuse or neglect to the appropriate authorities: This is the correct approach according to child protection guidelines. School personnel are mandated reporters and must report suspected abuse or neglect to protect the child's safety.

B. Convince the child to disclose the cause of the injuries through gentle questioning and persuasion: This approach can inadvertently pressure the child and is not recommended as it may lead to further distress or inaccurate information.

C. Respect the child's privacy and wait for them to share information about the injuries voluntarily: While respecting privacy is important, child protection takes precedence when there are signs of abuse or neglect.

D. Document and discuss the observations with the child's teacher to gather more information: While documentation is important, it should not delay reporting suspected abuse or neglect to the appropriate authorities.

Findings Consistent with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

1. Experience with the legal system since teenage years: Individuals with ASPD often exhibit a pattern of behavior that violates societal norms and legal codes, leading to frequent encounters with the legal system. The client has a history of criminal behavior, including shoplifting, auto theft, and resisting arrest, which aligns with the diagnostic criteria for ASPD.

2. Substance use: Substance abuse is common among individuals with ASPD. The client's history of driving under the influence of alcohol and possession and sale of marijuana demonstrates a disregard for the law and social norms, which is characteristic of ASPD.

3. Acceptance of responsibility: A key feature of ASPD is a lack of remorse or responsibility for one’s actions. The client’s statement, "That car wreck was not my fault! That judge just has it out for me," indicates a refusal to accept responsibility for their actions and a tendency to blame others, which is consistent with ASPD.

4. Relationship with family: Estrangement from family members is often seen in individuals with ASPD due to their manipulative, deceitful, or exploitative behavior, which can damage personal relationships. The client's estrangement from their family supports this pattern of unstable and problematic relationships.

Findings Not Consistent with ASPD

5. Adhering to financial responsibilities: The client does not adhere to financial responsibilities, as evidenced by their eviction for failure to pay rent. This behavior is consistent with ASPD, where individuals often exhibit irresponsibility, particularly in financial matters.

6. Employment status: Employment status alone is not a definitive indicator of ASPD. While the client is currently employed by a food delivery service, which suggests some level of functional ability, it does not provide enough context regarding their overall adherence to social norms or work behavior.

7. Compassion toward others: The client displays a lack of compassion toward others, which is a hallmark of ASPD. They refer to other clients in a derogatory manner ("losers") and show disdain for their feelings. This behavior reflects the lack of empathy and disregard for others typical in ASPD.

8. Rechanneling anger with physical activity: While engaging in physical activity to manage anger is generally a positive coping strategy, it does not specifically relate to the diagnostic criteria for ASPD. The client's use of physical activity to mitigate anger does not negate the presence of other antisocial traits.