The nurse is caring for an adolescent client diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who is prescribed methylphenidate (Ritalin) therapy. The client reports and questions the nurse why they have lost 10 pounds in 2-months. Which of the following should be the appropriate response by the nurse?
The pharmacological action of Ritalin causes a decrease in appetite.
Side effects of Ritalin cause nausea; therefore, caloric intake is decreased.
Increased ability to concentrate allows the client to focus on activities rather than food.
Hyperactivity seen in ADHD causes increased caloric expenditure.
The Correct Answer is A
A. The pharmacological action of Ritalin causes a decrease in appetite. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is a stimulant medication commonly prescribed for ADHD. One of its well-documented side effects is appetite suppression, which can lead to weight loss. This is the most accurate and direct explanation for the weight loss observed in the adolescent client.
B. Side effects of Ritalin cause nausea; therefore, caloric intake is decreased. While nausea can occur with methylphenidate, it is not the primary reason for weight loss. The main mechanism is appetite suppression rather than a direct reduction in caloric intake due to nausea. This response is less accurate than option A.
C. Increased ability to concentrate allows the client to focus on activities rather than food: While methylphenidate can improve concentration, this explanation does not directly address the physiological cause of weight loss. It is the decrease in appetite due to the drug's effects on neurotransmitters that leads to weight loss, not the increased focus on activities .
D. Hyperactivity seen in ADHD causes increased caloric expenditure: Hyperactivity itself can lead to higher caloric expenditure, but this is not directly related to the weight loss caused by methylphenidate. The primary reason for the weight loss in this case is the appetite suppression due to the medication, not increased activity .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Advising survivors to keep the assault a secret and not seek help from anyone: This advice is harmful and can exacerbate the trauma experienced by survivors. It is not evidence-based and goes against promoting recovery and safety.
B. Suggesting that survivors should avoid reporting the assault to law enforcement to prevent further trauma: Reporting or not reporting to law enforcement is a personal decision and should be supported based on the survivor's needs and wishes. However, encouraging secrecy is not supportive.
C. Encouraging survivors to blame themselves for the assault to regain a sense of control: Self-blame is detrimental to recovery and is not evidence-based. It can worsen psychological distress and hinder healing.
D. Discussing the importance of seeking medical attention promptly after a sexual assault: This is evidence-based and crucial for survivors. Seeking medical attention allows for assessment and treatment of physical injuries, prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy prevention (if applicable), and collection of forensic evidence if the survivor wishes to report the assault later.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Contracture: Contracture refers to the permanent tightening of muscles or joints and is not directly related to neurocognitive disorders. It is a physical condition rather than a cause of cognitive impairment.
B. Cerebral trauma: Cerebral trauma, such as traumatic brain injury, can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to direct damage to brain tissues and subsequent cognitive impairments.
C. Fever: Severe or prolonged fever can be associated with secondary neurocognitive disorders, especially if it leads to complications like encephalitis or severe metabolic disturbances.
D. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): HIV can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to the direct effects of the virus on the brain and the resultant immune deficiency, which can allow opportunistic infections that affect cognitive function.
E. Huntington's disease: Huntington's disease is a primary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It directly causes neurocognitive decline due to genetic mutations and is considered a primary neurocognitive disorder rather than a secondary one. Secondary neurocognitive disorders are typically the result of another primary condition or external factor such as trauma or infection, rather than a primary neurodegenerative disease.
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