The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

"Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status."

Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status."

"Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis."

"Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status." Age-related cognitive changes, such as mild cognitive impairment, can increase the risk of delirium, but the statement is too general. Delirium is typically acute and caused by specific factors like medication, infection, or metabolic imbalances, not just normal age-related changes . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

B. "Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status." While lack of exercise can impact overall health and well-being, it is not a direct risk factor for delirium. Delirium is more closely associated with acute medical conditions, medication interactions, or environmental factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

C. "Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis." Decreased social interaction can lead to isolation and mental health issues like depression, but it is not a direct cause of delirium. Delirium typically results from acute physiological changes rather than social factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

D. "Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity." Polypharmacy, or taking multiple medications, is a significant risk factor for delirium in older adults due to the potential for adverse drug interactions and toxicity. This can lead to acute changes in mental status characteristic of delirium . This choice is correct.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Contracture: Contracture refers to the permanent tightening of muscles or joints and is not directly related to neurocognitive disorders. It is a physical condition rather than a cause of cognitive impairment.

B. Cerebral trauma: Cerebral trauma, such as traumatic brain injury, can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to direct damage to brain tissues and subsequent cognitive impairments.

C. Fever: Severe or prolonged fever can be associated with secondary neurocognitive disorders, especially if it leads to complications like encephalitis or severe metabolic disturbances.

D. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): HIV can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to the direct effects of the virus on the brain and the resultant immune deficiency, which can allow opportunistic infections that affect cognitive function.

E. Huntington's disease: Huntington's disease is a primary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It directly causes neurocognitive decline due to genetic mutations and is considered a primary neurocognitive disorder rather than a secondary one. Secondary neurocognitive disorders are typically the result of another primary condition or external factor such as trauma or infection, rather than a primary neurodegenerative disease.

A. Narcissistic personality disorder B. Antisocial personality disorder C. Borderline personality disorder D. Histrionic personality disorder

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Narcissistic personality disorder: Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder may display arrogance and entitlement but are not typically prone to aggression in this context.

B. Antisocial personality disorder: Aggressive and impulsive behavior, often involving disregard for others' rights and legal norms, is characteristic of antisocial personality disorder.

C. Borderline personality disorder: Borderline personality disorder is associated with emotional instability, impulsivity, and difficulties in relationships, but aggression in a bar setting is more suggestive of antisocial behavior.

D. Histrionic personality disorder: This disorder involves attention-seeking behavior and emotional expression, which is different from the aggressive and antisocial behavior described.

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The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a nursing student about secondary Neurocognitive Disorders. Which of the following are the causes of secondary Neurocognitive Disorders? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has been brought to the inpatient mental health unit by law enforcement officers after becoming aggressive in a local bar. The nurse should identify that this finding is consistent with which of the following disorders?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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