The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

"Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status."

Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status."

"Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis."

"Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status." Age-related cognitive changes, such as mild cognitive impairment, can increase the risk of delirium, but the statement is too general. Delirium is typically acute and caused by specific factors like medication, infection, or metabolic imbalances, not just normal age-related changes . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

B. "Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status." While lack of exercise can impact overall health and well-being, it is not a direct risk factor for delirium. Delirium is more closely associated with acute medical conditions, medication interactions, or environmental factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

C. "Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis." Decreased social interaction can lead to isolation and mental health issues like depression, but it is not a direct cause of delirium. Delirium typically results from acute physiological changes rather than social factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

D. "Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity." Polypharmacy, or taking multiple medications, is a significant risk factor for delirium in older adults due to the potential for adverse drug interactions and toxicity. This can lead to acute changes in mental status characteristic of delirium . This choice is correct.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Financial exploitation: Financial exploitation involves the illegal or improper use of an elder's funds, property, or assets. It does not involve the direct infliction of physical or psychological harm .

B. Emotional abuse: Emotional abuse involves inflicting psychological harm through verbal or non-verbal acts, such as intimidation, humiliation, or isolation. It directly impacts the elder’s emotional and mental well-being.

C. Neglect: Neglect is the failure to provide necessary care or assistance, leading to harm or distress. It may not involve active infliction of harm but results in harm due to omission of care.

D. Physical abuse: Physical abuse involves the intentional infliction of bodily harm through actions such as hitting, shaking, or restraining. It directly results in physical injury and can also lead to psychological harm. This choice is correct

A. Permanent short-term memory loss B. Nasal septum perforation C. Acute pancreatitis D. Respiratory depression/arrest

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Permanent short-term memory loss: While certain substances, particularly chronic alcohol use, can lead to memory impairment, permanent short-term memory loss is not a typical complication of heroin use. Heroin primarily affects the respiratory system and can lead to other health risks such as overdose and infection. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

B. Nasal septum perforation: Nasal septum perforation is typically associated with the intranasal use of substances like cocaine, which can damage the nasal tissues. Heroin is more commonly injected or smoked, and nasal perforation is not a primary health risk associated with its use. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

C. Acute pancreatitis: Acute pancreatitis is commonly associated with excessive alcohol consumption rather than heroin use. Heroin primarily affects the central nervous and respiratory systems rather than the pancreas. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

D. Respiratory depression/arrest: Heroin use poses a significant risk of respiratory depression and arrest, which can be fatal. It depresses the central nervous system and slows down breathing, potentially leading to severe hypoxia and death, especially in the case of overdose. This choice is correct.

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The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

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