The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

"Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status."

Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status."

"Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis."

"Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status." Age-related cognitive changes, such as mild cognitive impairment, can increase the risk of delirium, but the statement is too general. Delirium is typically acute and caused by specific factors like medication, infection, or metabolic imbalances, not just normal age-related changes . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

B. "Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status." While lack of exercise can impact overall health and well-being, it is not a direct risk factor for delirium. Delirium is more closely associated with acute medical conditions, medication interactions, or environmental factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

C. "Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis." Decreased social interaction can lead to isolation and mental health issues like depression, but it is not a direct cause of delirium. Delirium typically results from acute physiological changes rather than social factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

D. "Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity." Polypharmacy, or taking multiple medications, is a significant risk factor for delirium in older adults due to the potential for adverse drug interactions and toxicity. This can lead to acute changes in mental status characteristic of delirium . This choice is correct.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]

Explanation

A. Monitoring the client's food intake and ensuring a balanced diet: It’s important to monitor food intake to prevent episodes of binge eating and ensure nutritional needs are met. A balanced diet can help stabilize eating patterns and reduce the risk of physical health complications associated with binge eating disorder.

B. Allowing unrestricted access to food: This is not advisable as it may lead to uncontrolled binge eating episodes, exacerbating the disorder.

C. Encouraging the client to engage in regular physical activity: Regular physical activity can help manage weight, improve mental health, and reduce the urge to binge eat. It should be encouraged in a safe and supportive manner.

D. Ignore signs of distress or emotional triggers: Ignoring signs of distress can worsen the disorder. Emotional triggers often lead to binge eating episodes, so addressing these issues is crucial.

E. Minimizing the importance of regular therapy sessions: Therapy is essential for treating the underlying psychological issues associated with binge eating disorder. Minimizing its importance can hinder recovery.

A. Arranging for individual therapy sessions B. Encouraging the client to keep a food diary C. Administering a medication to suppress the client's appetite D. Scheduling daily weigh-ins for the client

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Arranging for individual therapy sessions: While individual therapy can be beneficial for clients with bulimia, it is not the sole intervention and typically part of a broader treatment plan. Therapy should focus on cognitive-behavioral strategies to address eating behaviors and underlying emotional issues.

B. Encouraging the client to keep a food diary: Keeping a food diary is a common therapeutic intervention for bulimia. It helps clients become more aware of their eating patterns and triggers for binge eating and purging behaviors. It also assists in identifying emotional and situational triggers that can be addressed in therapy.

C. Administering a medication to suppress the client's appetite: Appetite suppressants are not typically used in the treatment of bulimia. The focus is on addressing the underlying psychological issues and behaviors rather than suppressing appetite, as bulimia involves cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting or laxative use.

D. Scheduling daily weigh-ins for the client: Daily weigh-ins can contribute to increased anxiety and obsession with weight, which may exacerbate bulimic behaviors. Therapeutic interventions for bulimia should focus on normalizing eating patterns and addressing the psychological aspects of the disorder rather than focusing on weight.

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The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

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