The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

"Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status."

Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status."

"Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis."

"Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. "Age-related cognitive changes may lead to alterations in mental status." Age-related cognitive changes, such as mild cognitive impairment, can increase the risk of delirium, but the statement is too general. Delirium is typically acute and caused by specific factors like medication, infection, or metabolic imbalances, not just normal age-related changes . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

B. "Lack of rigorous exercise may lead to alterations in mental status." While lack of exercise can impact overall health and well-being, it is not a direct risk factor for delirium. Delirium is more closely associated with acute medical conditions, medication interactions, or environmental factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

C. "Decreased social interaction may lead to profound isolation and psychosis." Decreased social interaction can lead to isolation and mental health issues like depression, but it is not a direct cause of delirium. Delirium typically results from acute physiological changes rather than social factors . Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

D. "Taking multiple medications may lead to adverse interactions or toxicity." Polypharmacy, or taking multiple medications, is a significant risk factor for delirium in older adults due to the potential for adverse drug interactions and toxicity. This can lead to acute changes in mental status characteristic of delirium . This choice is correct.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The child's mother and father have an inconsistent parenting style: Inconsistent parenting styles can contribute to anxiety in children by creating an unpredictable environment, which may increase the risk of separation anxiety. However, it is not a direct indicator of separation anxiety disorder.

B. The child previously had an extroverted temperament. An extroverted temperament is not typically associated with separation anxiety disorder. Children with this disorder are often more anxious, fearful, and dependent on attachment figures.

C. The child's mother is diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. A family history of anxiety disorders, particularly in a parent, can increase the risk of separation anxiety in children due to genetic and environmental factors. This choice is correct.

D. The child has a history of antisocial behaviors. Antisocial behaviors, such as aggression and defiance, are more indicative of conduct disorders or oppositional defiant disorder rather than separation anxiety disorder, which is characterized by excessive fear of separation from attachment figures .

A. Increased metabolic rate B. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure C. Fear of weight gain D. Excessive thirst and frequent urination E. Excessive weight loss

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Increased metabolic rate: Anorexia typically results in a decreased metabolic rate due to malnutrition and a significant reduction in energy intake.

B. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure: Malnutrition and dehydration associated with anorexia can lead to bradycardia and hypotension.

C. Fear of weight gain: A hallmark of anorexia nervosa is an intense fear of gaining weight and a persistent behavior to avoid weight gain.

D. Excessive thirst and frequent urination: These symptoms are not typically associated with anorexia and are more characteristic of conditions such as diabetes.

E. Excessive weight loss: Significant weight loss is a primary feature of anorexia nervosa, often leading to severe underweight status and associated health complications.

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The nurse is teaching nursing students about the risk factors for developing delirium in older adults. Which student statement indicates understanding of the risk factors of delirium?

Nursing Test Bank

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