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The nurse recognizes which of the following as signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia? (Select All that Apply)

A.

Excessive thirst

B.

Anxiety and tremors

C.

Excessive urination

D.

"Acetone" or "fruity" breath odor

E.

Slow, shallow respirations

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is a common symptom of hyperglycemia due to dehydration caused by increased urination.  
B. Anxiety and tremors are more commonly associated with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), not hyperglycemia.  
C. Excessive urination (polyuria) is a hallmark of hyperglycemia as the body attempts to excrete excess glucose through urine.  
D. "Acetone" or "fruity" breath odor is a characteristic sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can occur in severe hyperglycemia.  
E. Slow, shallow respirations are not typically associated with hyperglycemia but may occur in cases of respiratory acidosis or DKA, where Kussmaul's breathing (deep, rapid breathing) is more common.  
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Administering a hypotonic solution would not be appropriate in this case. Hypotonic solutions can lower the blood pressure further and worsen the patient’s condition.
B. Administering a vasoconstrictor medication may increase blood pressure, but it is not the first-line treatment for dehydration or volume loss, which seems to be the cause of the patient’s symptoms.
C. Administering an isotonic solution intravenously is the most appropriate intervention. The patient is likely experiencing dehydration and hypotension due to fluid loss from exertion in the sun (possibly heat exhaustion). Isotonic fluids such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution are typically used to restore circulating volume and improve blood pressure.
D. Administering a hypertonic solution would be inappropriate, as it could increase the osmolarity of the blood and worsen dehydration, potentially causing fluid shifts that could lead to complications such as cellular dehydration.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is a common symptom of hyperglycemia due to dehydration caused by increased urination.
B. Anxiety and tremors are more commonly associated with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), not hyperglycemia.
C. Excessive urination (polyuria) is a hallmark of hyperglycemia as the body attempts to excrete excess glucose through urine.
D. "Acetone" or "fruity" breath odor is a characteristic sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can occur in severe hyperglycemia.
E. Slow, shallow respirations are not typically associated with hyperglycemia but may occur in cases of respiratory acidosis or DKA, where Kussmaul's breathing (deep, rapid breathing) is more common.

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