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The nurse recognizes which of the following as signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia? (Select All that Apply)

A.

Excessive thirst

B.

Anxiety and tremors

C.

Excessive urination

D.

"Acetone" or "fruity" breath odor

E.

Slow, shallow respirations

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

A. Excessive thirst (polydipsia) is a common symptom of hyperglycemia due to dehydration caused by increased urination.  
B. Anxiety and tremors are more commonly associated with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), not hyperglycemia.  
C. Excessive urination (polyuria) is a hallmark of hyperglycemia as the body attempts to excrete excess glucose through urine.  
D. "Acetone" or "fruity" breath odor is a characteristic sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can occur in severe hyperglycemia.  
E. Slow, shallow respirations are not typically associated with hyperglycemia but may occur in cases of respiratory acidosis or DKA, where Kussmaul's breathing (deep, rapid breathing) is more common.  
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hyperactive reflexes are not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia can lead to hyporeflexia (decreased reflexes) due to the role of potassium in nerve function.
B. Extreme thirst is more commonly associated with hypernatremia or dehydration, not specifically with hypokalemia.
C. A flattened T-wave on an ECG is a classic sign of hypokalemia. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrical activity of the heart, and low potassium levels can cause changes in the ECG, including a flattened T-wave.
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds are typically seen in conditions like gastroenteritis or early bowel obstruction, not directly related to hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia can sometimes lead to hypoactive or absent bowel sounds due to its effect on smooth muscle function.

Correct Answer is ["125"]

Explanation

  • Determine the infusion time: The total dose is 40 mEq, and it's being infused at a rate of 10 mEq/hr.
  • Therefore, the total infusion time is 40 mEq / 10 mEq/hr = 4 hours.
  • Calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr: The total volume is 500 mL, and the infusion time is 4 hours.
  • So, the infusion rate is 500 mL / 4 hours = 125 mL/hr.

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