The nurse in a clinic is reviewing laboratory results for a patient suspected of having undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Which of the following results would be diagnostic for diabetes?
Hemoglobin A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) of 7.2
Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl
Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl.
Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hemoglobin A1C of 7.2 is diagnostic for diabetes. An A1C of 6.5% or higher is diagnostic for diabetes, as it reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
B. Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl is within the normal range (70-99 mg/dl). A fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.
C. Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl is within the normal range (less than 140 mg/dl after a glucose tolerance test). A two-hour plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.
D. Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl is within the normal range. A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher, along with symptoms of hyperglycemia, would be diagnostic for diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increase the intake of cranberry juice is not recommended for clients with calcium oxalate kidney stones. While cranberry juice can help prevent urinary tract infections, it does not reduce the risk of kidney stones and may even contribute to stone formation in some cases due to its high oxalate content.
B. Increase sodium chloride intake is not advisable for clients with kidney stones. High sodium intake can increase calcium excretion in the urine, which may contribute to stone formation.
C. Drinking 1 L of fluid every day is not sufficient. For clients with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones, it is generally recommended to drink at least 2-3 L of fluid per day to help dilute urine and prevent stone formation.
D. Increase intake of animal protein is not recommended for clients with calcium oxalate kidney stones. High animal protein intake can increase the excretion of calcium and uric acid in the urine, which can promote stone formation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hyperactive reflexes are not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia can lead to hyporeflexia (decreased reflexes) due to the role of potassium in nerve function.
B. Extreme thirst is more commonly associated with hypernatremia or dehydration, not specifically with hypokalemia.
C. A flattened T-wave on an ECG is a classic sign of hypokalemia. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrical activity of the heart, and low potassium levels can cause changes in the ECG, including a flattened T-wave.
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds are typically seen in conditions like gastroenteritis or early bowel obstruction, not directly related to hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia can sometimes lead to hypoactive or absent bowel sounds due to its effect on smooth muscle function.
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