The nurse in a clinic is reviewing laboratory results for a patient suspected of having undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Which of the following results would be diagnostic for diabetes?
Hemoglobin A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) of 7.2
Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl
Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl.
Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hemoglobin A1C of 7.2 is diagnostic for diabetes. An A1C of 6.5% or higher is diagnostic for diabetes, as it reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
B. Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl is within the normal range (70-99 mg/dl). A fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.
C. Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl is within the normal range (less than 140 mg/dl after a glucose tolerance test). A two-hour plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.
D. Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl is within the normal range. A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher, along with symptoms of hyperglycemia, would be diagnostic for diabetes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Administering a hypotonic solution would not be appropriate in this case. Hypotonic solutions can lower the blood pressure further and worsen the patient’s condition.
B. Administering a vasoconstrictor medication may increase blood pressure, but it is not the first-line treatment for dehydration or volume loss, which seems to be the cause of the patient’s symptoms.
C. Administering an isotonic solution intravenously is the most appropriate intervention. The patient is likely experiencing dehydration and hypotension due to fluid loss from exertion in the sun (possibly heat exhaustion). Isotonic fluids such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution are typically used to restore circulating volume and improve blood pressure.
D. Administering a hypertonic solution would be inappropriate, as it could increase the osmolarity of the blood and worsen dehydration, potentially causing fluid shifts that could lead to complications such as cellular dehydration.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increase the intake of cranberry juice is not recommended for clients with calcium oxalate kidney stones. While cranberry juice can help prevent urinary tract infections, it does not reduce the risk of kidney stones and may even contribute to stone formation in some cases due to its high oxalate content.
B. Increase sodium chloride intake is not advisable for clients with kidney stones. High sodium intake can increase calcium excretion in the urine, which may contribute to stone formation.
C. Drinking 1 L of fluid every day is not sufficient. For clients with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones, it is generally recommended to drink at least 2-3 L of fluid per day to help dilute urine and prevent stone formation.
D. Increase intake of animal protein is not recommended for clients with calcium oxalate kidney stones. High animal protein intake can increase the excretion of calcium and uric acid in the urine, which can promote stone formation.
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