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The nurse in a clinic is reviewing laboratory results for a patient suspected of having undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Which of the following results would be diagnostic for diabetes?

A.

Hemoglobin A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) of 7.2

B.

Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl

C.

Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl.

D.

Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hemoglobin A1C of 7.2 is diagnostic for diabetes. An A1C of 6.5% or higher is diagnostic for diabetes, as it reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.  
B. Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl is within the normal range (70-99 mg/dl). A fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.  
C. Two-hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl is within the normal range (less than 140 mg/dl after a glucose tolerance test). A two-hour plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic for diabetes.  
D. Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl is within the normal range. A random plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or higher, along with symptoms of hyperglycemia, would be diagnostic for diabetes.
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Flushed skin is typically associated with fever or infection, not with hyponatremia (low sodium levels).
B. Confusion is a common symptom of hyponatremia, especially when sodium levels drop significantly. The low sodium level affects brain function, leading to confusion, altered mental status, and even seizures in severe cases.
C. Extreme thirst is more commonly seen in hypernatremia (high sodium levels) as the body attempts to correct the imbalance by stimulating thirst.
D. Fever is not a direct consequence of hyponatremia but could be associated with an underlying infection or other conditions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The patient should increase fluid intake to 6 to 8 glasses of water daily, not 1 to 2 glasses, to help flush bacteria out of the urinary tract.
B. Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) can cause orange or red discoloration of urine, which is a harmless and temporary side effect that resolves after the medication is stopped. This indicates the patient understands the teaching.
C. Stopping medications prematurely can lead to incomplete treatment of the infection and potential antibiotic resistance. Patients should complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics.
D. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim) is an antibacterial, and phenazopyridine is a urinary analgesic; neither medication is used to treat fungal infections.

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