The nurse-researcher wants to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery in reducing stress prior to starting an IV. In the research proposal, several studies are reported in the review of the literature section about the use of biofeedback to reduce anxiety prior to invasive procedures.
Which significance level and sample size provide the greatest support for the findings reported?
p<.031; 54 subjects.
p<.01; 15 subjects.
p<.001; 73 subjects.
p=.301; 24 subjects.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
A significance level of p<.031 is relatively lenient and might result in a higher chance of obtaining statistically significant results by chance. A sample size of 54 subjects is moderate but may not provide the greatest support for the findings.
Choice B rationale:
A significance level of p<.01 is still relatively lenient, and a sample size of 15 subjects is relatively small. While p<.01 is more stringent than p<.031, it does not provide as strong statistical support as the options with lower p-values.
Choice C rationale:
This is the correct answer. A significance level of p<.001 is highly stringent and indicates a very low probability of obtaining the observed results by chance. A sample size of 73 subjects is relatively large, which enhances the reliability of the findings. This combination provides the greatest statistical support for the reported findings.
Choice D rationale:
A significance level of p=.301 is not stringent at all and would likely result in non-significant findings even with a small sample size of 24 subjects. This choice does not provide strong statistical support for the reported findings.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Evidence-based practice. Rationale: The unit's client care requirements are evidence-based practice because they are based on the findings of several multi-institutional studies that demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in IV-related septicemia rates when both alcohol and iodine were used as cleansers. Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available evidence from research into clinical decision-making and care protocols.
Choice A rationale:
Outcome-oriented process is not the most accurate description. While the process aims to achieve specific outcomes (reduction in IV-related septicemia rates), the emphasis is on using evidence-based practices to achieve those outcomes.
Choice C rationale:
Theory-based practice is not the primary focus. The unit's practice is primarily driven by empirical evidence from research studies rather than a specific theoretical framework.
Choice D rationale:
Standards-related process is not the primary description. While the practice aligns with standards of care, the key aspect is its evidence-based nature, which goes beyond adherence to standards.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice B rationale:
Apply for institutional review board (IRB) approval for a study involving human subjects is the most important step before conducting the experimental study. IRB approval is crucial to ensure that the research is conducted ethically, with proper consideration for participant safety and rights. It also assesses the study's design, methods, and consent process to protect participants.
Choice A rationale:
Determining what instruments are available to measure the independent variable is essential but typically follows the IRB approval process. It is part of the research planning and implementation stages.
Choice C rationale:
Obtaining release forms from parents allowing their children to participate in the study is important but is a step that follows IRB approval. Informed consent processes are typically reviewed by the IRB.
Choice D rationale:
Reviewing the literature to determine if other research projects have addressed this issue is valuable but is part of the research planning and background information gathering stage. While it is important, obtaining IRB approval takes precedence as it ensures the ethical conduct of the study.
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