The nurse-researcher wants to evaluate the effectiveness of guided imagery in reducing stress prior to starting an IV. In the research proposal, several studies are reported in the review of the literature section about the use of biofeedback to reduce anxiety prior to invasive procedures.
Which significance level and sample size provide the greatest support for the findings reported?
p<.031; 54 subjects.
p<.01; 15 subjects.
p<.001; 73 subjects.
p=.301; 24 subjects.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
A significance level of p<.031 is relatively lenient and might result in a higher chance of obtaining statistically significant results by chance. A sample size of 54 subjects is moderate but may not provide the greatest support for the findings.
Choice B rationale:
A significance level of p<.01 is still relatively lenient, and a sample size of 15 subjects is relatively small. While p<.01 is more stringent than p<.031, it does not provide as strong statistical support as the options with lower p-values.
Choice C rationale:
This is the correct answer. A significance level of p<.001 is highly stringent and indicates a very low probability of obtaining the observed results by chance. A sample size of 73 subjects is relatively large, which enhances the reliability of the findings. This combination provides the greatest statistical support for the reported findings.
Choice D rationale:
A significance level of p=.301 is not stringent at all and would likely result in non-significant findings even with a small sample size of 24 subjects. This choice does not provide strong statistical support for the reported findings.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
A codebook is used in quantitative research to categorize, label, and manipulate the data obtained during the study. It provides a systematic way to organize and code data for analysis.
Choice B rationale:
Correlating demographic data with client responses is a data analysis process but is not the primary purpose of a codebook. It involves examining relationships between variables.
Choice C rationale:
Describing dissemination resources for the findings is unrelated to the purpose of a codebook. Dissemination typically occurs after data analysis and reporting.
Choice D rationale:
Identifying themes that emerged from the clients' statements is more characteristic of qualitative research. A codebook is primarily used in quantitative research for numerical data.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Interviewing clients to determine if they remembered concepts taught preoperatively does not represent the first step in identifying previous research studies. It focuses on assessing the retention of teaching rather than reviewing existing literature.
Choice B rationale:
Reading full-text articles in nursing journals about designing client teaching sessions is valuable but not the first step in identifying previous research studies. It focuses on teaching session design rather than the literature review process.
Choice C rationale:
Asking orthopedic surgeons about topics to cover preoperatively with clients is a form of expert consultation but does not represent the first step in identifying previous research studies. It involves seeking expert input rather than reviewing existing literature.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct answer. Reviewing research abstracts on preoperative teaching with a similar client population is typically the first step in conducting a literature review. It allows the nurse to identify relevant research studies that have investigated the effectiveness of preoperative teaching in a similar context.
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