What does P <.05 mean?

There is a 1-in-5 chance of the result occurring again by chance alone.

The result is not significant for most nursing research, which requires more rigor.

The researcher is 95% confident that the result did not happen randomly.

Only 5 out of 100 nursing research studies would report this result as significant.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

P < .05 does not indicate a specific probability of the result occurring again by chance alone (e.g., 1-in-5 chance). Instead, it signifies that the result is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

Choice B rationale:

While nursing research often requires rigorous standards, P < .05 represents a common threshold for statistical significance in many research studies. It does not indicate that the result is not significant for nursing research.

Choice C rationale:

This is the correct answer. P < .05 means that the researcher is 95% confident that the result did not occur randomly. In other words, there is a 95% probability that the observed result is not due to chance but is related to the variables being studied.

Choice D rationale:

P < .05 does not imply that only 5 out of 100 nursing research studies would report this result as significant. It signifies a specific level of confidence in the result's significance, not its frequency in research studies.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice B rationale:

Back massage. Rationale: In an experimental design, the independent variable is the one that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this study, one group of subjects receives a back massage, while the other group does not. Therefore, the independent variable is the administration of a back massage.

Choice A rationale:

Older adults. Rationale: Older adults are the population being studied, but they are not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. They are a part of the study's population.

Choice C rationale:

Blood pressure and pulse measurements. Rationale: Blood pressure and pulse measurements are the dependent variables in this study. They are being measured to assess the effect of the independent variable (back massage) on these physiological parameters.

Choice D rationale:

Time spent with each client. Rationale: The time spent with each client is not the variable being manipulated in the experiment. It may be a controlled variable or a factor that is observed but not manipulated.

A. The range of motion following joint replacement surgery for clients with PCA-delivered narcotics was compared to those receiving intermittent IM narcotics. B. Clients with fibromyalgia received logbooks to record the actions they took over a period of two weeks to alleviate their symptoms of fatigue. C. Nurse managers were interviewed about their levels of job satisfaction for the purpose of identifying themes of autonomy in their roles. D. The researcher randomly selected 200 medical records to identify the frequency of discharges to skilled nursing facilities following total hip replacement surgery.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

This study design allows for the manipulation of independent and dependent variables. In this case, the independent variable is the type of pain management (PCA-delivered narcotics vs. intermittent IM narcotics), and the dependent variable is the range of motion following joint replacement surgery. The researcher can control and manipulate the type of pain management administered to the participants, making it an experimental study design.

Choice B rationale:

Providing logbooks to clients with fibromyalgia to record their actions does not involve manipulation of independent and dependent variables. It is an observational or self-report study design where participants' actions are recorded but not actively manipulated by the researcher.

Choice C rationale:

Conducting interviews with nurse managers about their job satisfaction does not involve manipulation of independent and dependent variables. It is an observational or qualitative study design focused on gathering information and identifying themes but not manipulating variables.

Choice D rationale:

Randomly selecting medical records to identify the frequency of discharges to skilled nursing facilities is an observational study design. It does not involve manipulation of independent and dependent variables but rather the collection of existing data from medical records.

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What does P <.05 mean?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which study design allows for manipulation of independent and dependent variables?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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