The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of an assigned client and notes the laboratory report results

pH of 7.30, [normal pH is 7.35 to 7.45]

Paco2 of 58 mm Hg, [Normal Paco2 is 35 to 45 mm Hg]

Pao2 of 80 mm Hg. [normal is 80-100]

HCO3 of 27 mEq/L (27 mmol/L). [Normal HCO3 is 22-26]

The nurse interprets that the client has which acid-base disturbance?

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Respiratory acidosis: The pH is low (indicating acidosis), and the Paco₂ is elevated, which signifies that carbon dioxide retention is causing the acidosis. This pattern indicates respiratory acidosis, as the elevated HCO₃ suggests a compensatory response.

B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis would show a high pH with a low Paco₂. This is not consistent with the client’s lab results.

C. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis would show a low pH with a low HCO₃. In this case, the HCO₃ is slightly elevated, ruling out metabolic acidosis.

D. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis would show a high pH with an elevated HCO₃, which does not match the client’s results.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Cranial nerves III, IV, and VIII are not involved in mouth functions; they primarily deal with eye movements and hearing.
B. Cranial nerves III, II, and VI are involved in vision and eye movement but not in mouth functions.
C. Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XII (hypoglossal) are all tested through functions such as swallowing, speech, and movement of the tongue, which occur in the mouth.
D. Option D incorrectly lists cranial nerve I twice; cranial nerve I (olfactory) is related to the sense of smell, not the mouth.

A. Urinary frequency B. Urinary retention C. Urinary incontinence D. Urinary tract infection

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Urinary frequency is characterized by the need to urinate more often but does not necessarily cause cloudy urine, odor, or hematuria.

B. Urinary retention involves the inability to empty the bladder fully but does not specifically present with cloudy urine, odor, or blood.

C. Urinary incontinence refers to the involuntary loss of urine and does not directly correlate with the urine's appearance or presence of blood.

D. A urinary tract infection (UTI) commonly causes cloudy urine, foul odor, and hematuria due to inflammation and infection in the urinary tract.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When completing a neurological assessment, which cranial nerves are tested within the mouth?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client and observes that the client's urine is cloudy, has an unpleasant odor, and contains hematuria. The nurse should recognize that these findings are associated with which urinary problem?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

When assessing the elbow, a nurse asks a client to hold the arm out and turn the palm down. When the client performs this maneuver, the nurse is testing what?

A nurse in a clinic is interviewing a client who will undergo diagnostic testing. The nurse should ask about a client's potential allergies during which phase of the nursing process?

A nurse is assessing a client's radial pulse and determines that the pulse is irregular. Which action should the nurse take?

Which disorder is depicted in the image below?

A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. Which finding should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is dehydrated?

When a patient is unable to see objects at a distance, which term is used to document this finding?

Linea nigra is commonly found on the abdomens of: