The nurse should recognize which response is the immune system’s reaction to a source of inflammation?

Decreased histamine production.

Vasoconstriction.

Increased vascular permeability.

Activation of exocytosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Decreased histamine production does not occur during inflammation; histamine release increases, promoting vasodilation and permeability. Inflammation triggers immune responses, including histamine-mediated vascular changes to deliver immune cells. This choice is incorrect, as reduced histamine contradicts the immune system’s proinflammatory response to an inflammatory stimulus.

Choice B reason: Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow, counteracting inflammation’s goal of delivering immune cells to the site. Inflammation causes vasodilation to enhance blood flow and permeability. Vasoconstriction is not a primary immune response to inflammation, making this an incorrect choice for the body’s reaction to an inflammatory source.

Choice C reason: Increased vascular permeability is a hallmark of inflammation, allowing plasma, immune cells, and proteins to reach the affected site. Histamine and cytokines trigger this response, facilitating immune defense and tissue repair. This aligns with the immune system’s proinflammatory mechanism, making it the correct response to inflammation.

Choice D reason: Activation of exocytosis involves cellular vesicle release, not a primary inflammatory response. While immune cells may use exocytosis to release mediators, increased vascular permeability is the direct immune reaction to inflammation, enabling immune access. This choice is less specific, making it incorrect for the primary response.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Yellow sclera (jaundice) result from bilirubin accumulation in cirrhosis, not high ammonia levels. Ammonia toxicity affects the brain, causing neurological symptoms. While jaundice is common in cirrhosis, it is unrelated to ammonia, making this incorrect for the symptom linked to elevated serum ammonia.

Choice B reason: Shortness of breath on exertion may occur in cirrhosis due to ascites or hepatopulmonary syndrome, but it is not caused by high ammonia levels. Ammonia primarily affects the brain, leading to encephalopathy. This symptom is unrelated to ammonia toxicity, making it an incorrect choice.

Choice C reason: Impaired skin integrity may occur in cirrhosis from pruritus or edema, but it is not directly linked to high ammonia levels. Ammonia causes cerebral toxicity, manifesting as neurological changes. Skin issues are secondary complications, making this incorrect for the primary symptom of elevated ammonia.

Choice D reason: High serum ammonia in cirrhosis leads to hepatic encephalopathy, causing altered consciousness, from confusion to coma. Ammonia crosses the blood-brain barrier, disrupting neurotransmitter function and cerebral metabolism. This is the primary symptom of ammonia toxicity, aligning with cirrhosis’s neurological complications, per hepatology evidence.

A. Decreased amount of acetylcholine. B. Increased amount of serotonin. C. Disruption in the myelin sheath. D. Diminished amount of dopamine.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Decreased acetylcholine is not the primary cause of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s results from dopamine loss in the substantia nigra, disrupting motor control. Acetylcholine imbalance may occur in other conditions like Alzheimer’s, but it is not the pathophysiological basis for Parkinson’s motor symptoms.

Choice B reason: Increased serotonin is not linked to Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s is caused by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia, leading to motor dysfunction. Serotonin imbalances may affect mood, but they are not the core mechanism, making this incorrect for the disease’s pathophysiological basis.

Choice C reason: Disruption in the myelin sheath occurs in multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson’s. Parkinson’s involves neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, reducing dopamine. Myelin is unrelated to Parkinson’s motor symptoms, making this incorrect, as dopamine deficiency is the established pathophysiological mechanism driving the disease.

Choice D reason: Parkinson’s disease is caused by a diminished amount of dopamine due to degeneration of substantia nigra neurons. Dopamine deficiency disrupts basal ganglia function, causing tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. This is the core pathophysiological basis, supported by neurological evidence linking dopamine loss to Parkinson’s symptoms.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

The nurse should recognize which response is the immune system’s reaction to a source of inflammation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The laboratory findings of a client with cirrhosis of the liver indicate high serum ammonia levels. As a result of this increased ammonia level, which symptom is this client likely to exhibit?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which is the pathophysiological basis for Parkinson’s disease?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

During an assessment, the nurse determines that a client with hypothyroidism has a goiter. An increase in which laboratory test result(s) supports this finding?

A client with chronic gout reports pain in several joints and has tophi on the hands. The nurse develops a plan of care (POC) to manage the client’s gout based on which understanding of the underlying pathology of these manifestations?

The nurse admits a client with sepsis that has developed cool ecchymotic fingertips and toes. The healthcare provider (HCP) determines that the client has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which findings support the pathophysiology of DIC?

Recognizing the role of the kidney in the production of erythropoietin, the nurse assesses a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for which clinical manifestation?

Which structures other than the skin are considered to be the “first line” of defense in humans?

A nurse working in a burn unit cares for clients with complicated body system responses. Which response describes the body’s initial reaction to a severe burn injury?

The nurse is explaining to a client the reasons why a burn wound becomes infected. Which reason(s) should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)

A client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is experiencing increased thirst. Which physiologic mechanism must take place to control this manifestation?