Recognizing the role of the kidney in the production of erythropoietin, the nurse assesses a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for which clinical manifestation?

Pallor.

Petechiae.

Jaundice.

Pruritus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: In CKD, impaired kidneys produce less erythropoietin, reducing red blood cell production and causing anemia. Pallor results from decreased hemoglobin, a hallmark of CKD-related anemia. This manifestation aligns with the kidney’s role in erythropoiesis, making it the primary clinical sign the nurse should assess in this client.

Choice B reason: Petechiae, small skin hemorrhages, result from platelet dysfunction or vascular issues, not directly from reduced erythropoietin in CKD. While CKD may cause uremic bleeding tendencies, petechiae are less specific than pallor, which directly reflects anemia due to impaired erythropoietin production, a core pathophysiological feature.

Choice C reason: Jaundice, caused by bilirubin accumulation, indicates liver dysfunction or hemolysis, not erythropoietin deficiency. CKD does not typically cause jaundice unless complicated by unrelated conditions. Pallor from anemia is a more direct consequence of reduced erythropoietin, making it the priority manifestation for assessment in CKD.

Choice D reason: Pruritus in CKD results from uremic toxin accumulation or calcium-phosphate imbalances, not erythropoietin deficiency. While common, it is unrelated to the kidney’s erythropoiesis role. Pallor, linked to anemia from low erythropoietin, is the most relevant clinical sign for the nurse to assess in this context.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: A furuncle is a painful abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus infecting a hair follicle, leading to purulent, tender nodules. This bacterial etiology is the primary risk factor, as S. aureus colonizes skin and invades follicles, causing localized infection. This aligns with dermatological pathology for furuncle development.

Choice B reason: Insect or spider bites may cause secondary infections but are not the primary etiology of furuncles. Furuncles specifically result from S. aureus folliculitis. Bites cause different lesions, like cellulitis, making this incorrect for the typical pathological process leading to a furuncle’s formation.

Choice C reason: Inadequate blood supply may impair healing but does not directly cause furuncles. S. aureus infection of hair follicles is the primary etiology. Poor perfusion is a risk for chronic wounds, not acute folliculitis, making this incorrect for the pathological etiology of a furuncle.

Choice D reason: Sexual contact with an infected partner may transmit STDs but is unrelated to furuncles, which are caused by S. aureus skin infections. Furuncles are not sexually transmitted, making this incorrect, as the etiology is bacterial colonization of hair follicles, not interpersonal transmission.

A. Loop of Henle. B. Glomerulus. C. Distal convoluted tubule. D. Bowman’s capsule.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: The loop of Henle regulates water and electrolyte reabsorption, not protein filtration. Proteinuria results from glomerular damage, allowing proteins to leak into urine. The loop’s role in concentration does not involve protein handling, making it incorrect for the structure impaired in CKD-related proteinuria.

Choice B reason: The glomerulus filters blood, normally preventing large proteins from entering urine. In CKD, glomerular damage (e.g., from hypertension or diabetes) increases permeability, causing proteinuria. This is a hallmark of glomerular injury, aligning with CKD’s pathophysiology, making the glomerulus the correct structure responsible for proteinuria.

Choice C reason: The distal convoluted tubule regulates electrolytes and acid-base balance, not protein filtration. Proteinuria stems from glomerular dysfunction, not tubular issues. The distal tubule’s role in reabsorption does not involve proteins, making it incorrect for the structure causing proteinuria in chronic kidney disease.

Choice D reason: Bowman’s capsule collects glomerular filtrate but does not filter proteins itself. Proteinuria occurs due to glomerular barrier damage, allowing proteins to pass into the capsule. While adjacent, the capsule is not the primary impaired structure, making the glomerulus the correct choice for CKD-related proteinuria.

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Recognizing the role of the kidney in the production of erythropoietin, the nurse assesses a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for which clinical manifestation?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is assessing a client’s skin and notices a raised nodule on the right forearm that is tender and filled with purulent secretions. The healthcare provider (HCP) diagnosed the abscess as a furuncle. Which pathological etiology places the client at risk for the development of a furuncle?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The urinalysis results for a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) indicate the presence of protein in the urine. The impairment of which structure within the kidney results in proteinuria?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client reports new onset bilateral hearing loss after taking a medication with known ototoxic effects. Which type of hearing loss should the nurse suspect?

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