The nurse working in an ophthalmology clinic is preparing to assess a patient's near vision. Which piece of equipment would the nurse use for this assessment?

Ophthalmoscope

Snellen Chart

Magazine

Penlight

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason:
An ophthalmoscope is primarily used for examining the interior structures of the eye, such as the retina, and is not typically used for assessing near vision. It provides a view of the fundus of the eye, which is essential for diagnosing various eye conditions but does not directly assess a patient's reading or close-up vision.

Choice B Reason:
The Snellen Chart is traditionally used to measure distance visual acuity and would not be the first choice for assessing near vision. However, there are versions of the Snellen Chart or similar charts designed for near vision assessment, typically held at a reading distance of about 14 inches from the patient. These charts have rows of letters or symbols that decrease in size and are used to determine the smallest print size a person can read.

Choice C Reason:
A magazine can be a practical tool for assessing near vision informally, as it contains various sizes of print and is a good representation of everyday reading material. The nurse can ask the patient to read a specific paragraph to observe their ability to see and comprehend text at a close distance.

Choice D Reason:
A penlight is not used for assessing near vision. It is typically used to assess the pupillary light reflex or to illuminate specific areas of the eye during an examination. The penlight helps to evaluate the response of the pupils to light but does not measure the patient's ability to read or see objects up close.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice a reason:
A firm toothbrush is not recommended for plaque removal as it can damage the gums and tooth enamel. Soft-bristled toothbrushes are preferred because they are effective at removing plaque while being gentle on the gums and enamel.

Choice b reason:
Brushing more than twice per day does not necessarily irritate the gums unless done with improper technique or with a hard-bristled toothbrush. It is important to brush gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush and to use fluoride toothpaste to maintain oral hygiene and prevent gingivitis.

Choice c reason:
Ensuring that dental restorations such as fillings and crowns fit well is crucial in preventing gingivitis. Poorly fitted restorations can trap food particles and bacteria, leading to plaque buildup and gum inflammation. Regular dental check-ups can help ensure that restorations remain intact and do not contribute to gingivitis.

Choice d reason:
Flossing should not be avoided even if there is bleeding at the gumline. Bleeding can be a sign of gingivitis, and flossing can help remove the plaque and bacteria causing the inflammation. If bleeding persists, it is important to consult a dentist.

A. Palpitations B. Diaphoresis C. Weight gain D. Exophthalmos

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
Palpitations are typically associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. They occur due to an excess of thyroid hormones, which can overstimulate the heart, leading to increased heart rate and palpitations. In hypothyroidism, the heart rate is usually slower, and palpitations are less common.

Choice B Reason:
Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is also more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism, the metabolism is slowed down, which reduces the tendency for increased sweating. Patients with hypothyroidism may actually have less sweating than normal.

Choice C Reason:
Weight gain is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. Due to the decreased metabolic rate caused by low levels of thyroid hormones, the body burns fewer calories, which can lead to weight gain. This is one of the hallmark signs of hypothyroidism and is often one of the first symptoms patients notice.

Choice D Reason:
Exophthalmos, the protrusion of the eyes, is a symptom associated with Graves' disease, a form of hyperthyroidism. It is not a symptom of hypothyroidism. In hypothyroidism, any eye changes are usually related to puffiness or edema around the eyes, not the bulging of the eyes themselves.

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The nurse working in an ophthalmology clinic is preparing to assess a patient's near vision. Which piece of equipment would the nurse use for this assessment?

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