The nursing instructor is facilitating a clinical group discussion about the adrenal glands including the cortex and the medulla. The instructor asks about the physiological changes that happen when norepinephrine and epinephrine are released. The students show good understanding of physiological changes when they state they include: (select all that apply).
Increased heart rate.
Constriction of blood vessels.
Pupil dilation.
Increased blood pressure.
Increased urine output.
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla during the "fight or flight" response. They have several physiological effects, including increasing heart rate, pupil dilation, and blood pressure. Additionally, epinephrine causes bronchodilation, while norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of hypertension, tachycardia, and increased respiratory rate.
Increased urine output, is incorrect because catecholamines decrease urine output by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Constriction of blood vessels is incorrect because norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct way to indicate the order "Administer Colace 100mg by mouth three times a day" is:
A) Colace 100 mg p.o. t.i.d.
"p.o." means by mouth, "t.i.d." means three times a day, so the correct order is "Colace 100 mg by mouth three times a day."
B) Colace 100 mg p.o. b.i.d. - This would mean "Colace 100 mg by mouth twice a day." "b.i.d." stands for "bis in die," which is Latin for "twice a day."
C) Colace 100 mg p.o. q.i.d. - This would mean "Colace 100 mg by mouth four times a day." "q.i.d." stands for "quater in die," which is Latin for "four times a day."
Correct Answer is ["q4h"]
Explanation
The correct abbreviation for every 4 hours is "q4h".
Here are some other similar medication administration abbreviations:
ac: before meals
pc: after meals
qd: once daily
qod: every other day
qh: every hour
qid: four times daily
tid: three times daily
hs: at bedtime
prn: as needed
stat: immediately
po: by mouth
IV: intravenous
IM: intramuscular
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