The nursing instructor is facilitating a clinical group discussion about the adrenal glands including the cortex and the medulla. The instructor asks about the physiological changes that happen when norepinephrine and epinephrine are released. The students show good understanding of physiological changes when they state they include: (select all that apply).
Increased heart rate.
Constriction of blood vessels.
Pupil dilation.
Increased blood pressure.
Increased urine output.
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla during the "fight or flight" response. They have several physiological effects, including increasing heart rate, pupil dilation, and blood pressure. Additionally, epinephrine causes bronchodilation, while norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of hypertension, tachycardia, and increased respiratory rate.
Increased urine output, is incorrect because catecholamines decrease urine output by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Constriction of blood vessels is incorrect because norepinephrine causes vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Document the refusal and inform the prescriber is the appropriate action for the nurse to take if a client refuses a medication and provides a reason for refusal. The nurse should document the refusal and reason in the client’s medical record, and notify the prescriber of the refusal and the reason given by the client. The prescriber may then choose to modify the medication or the administration method, or may provide additional education or counseling to the client regarding the medication. It is important to respect the client’s autonomy and right to refuse medication, and to work collaboratively with the prescriber to ensure that the client’s care needs are met in a safe and effective manner.
Correct Answer is ["6 "]
Explanation
6 times a day . If a medication is ordered to be given "q4h," it means that it should be administered every 4 hours. Therefore, the medication would be given 6 times a day, as there are 24 hours in a day and 24 divided by 4 equals 6.
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