The patient presents to the ED with severe chest discomfort. A cardiac catheterization and angiography shows an 90% occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Which procedure will be most likely performed on this patient?

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Radiofrequency catheter ablation

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement

Circulatory assist device

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is typically recommended for patients with significant occlusion of the left main coronary artery, as it effectively restores blood flow to the heart muscle by bypassing the blocked artery.

B. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is used to treat arrhythmias, not coronary artery occlusions.

C. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement is for managing life-threatening arrhythmias, not directly for treating coronary artery blockages.

D. A circulatory assist device is used in severe cases of heart failure, but it does not address the underlying issue of coronary artery occlusion.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Crackles are more commonly associated with left ventricular failure, which leads to pulmonary congestion.

B. Hepatomegaly, or an enlarged liver, is a sign of right ventricular failure due to blood backing up in the systemic circulation.

C. Jugular venous distention is a classic sign of right ventricular failure as blood accumulates in the venous system.

D. Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing while lying down, is more indicative of left ventricular failure.

E. Peripheral edema is a hallmark of right ventricular failure, resulting from increased venous pressure.

A. the goal is to lower the BP to 120/80. B. lowering the BP quickly may decrease cerebral, coronary or renal perfusion. C. IV antihypertensive medications have a slow onset. D. Lowering the BP slowly allows the patient to rest.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While lowering BP to 120/80 may be an ultimate goal, it is not the initial target in a hypertensive emergency.

B. Rapid reduction in blood pressure can cause hypoperfusion of vital organs such as the brain, heart, and kidneys, leading to ischemic injury. The aim is to reduce the BP gradually to prevent these complications.

C. IV antihypertensive medications generally have a rapid onset, not a slow one.

D. While gradual reduction is important, it is not done to allow rest but to protect organ perfusion.

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The patient presents to the ED with severe chest discomfort. A cardiac catheterization and angiography shows an 90% occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Which procedure will be most likely performed on this patient?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which clinical manifestations are indicative of right ventricular failure? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A patient is being treated for hypertensive emergency. When treating this patient, the nurse recognizes the initial goal is to lower the mean blood pressure (BP) by 20-25% because

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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