The patient who is to receive a medication BID will receive the medication:

A) 1.0: Administering 1.0 mL of Amikin would provide only 250 mg of amikacin, as the concentration is 1 g per 4 mL (or 250 mg per mL). This dosage is insufficient for the ordered dose of 500 mg.

B) 2.0: Administering 2.0 mL of Amikin is correct. With the available concentration of 1 g per 4 mL, 2.0 mL would deliver 500 mg of amikacin (2 mL x 250 mg/mL = 500 mg), fulfilling the healthcare provider's order for the medication.

C) 2.5: Giving 2.5 mL would result in a total of 625 mg of amikacin, which exceeds the prescribed dose of 500 mg. It's critical to adhere to the prescribed dosage to prevent potential toxicity and ensure patient safety.

D) 1.5: Administering 1.5 mL would provide 375 mg of amikacin, which is still less than the required 500 mg. Accurate dosing is essential in achieving the therapeutic effect and avoiding complications.

A) Notify the health care provider: It is essential to inform the healthcare provider if a

patient refuses a medication. This allows for a reassessment of the patient's treatment plan and ensures that any necessary follow-up or adjustments can be made based on the patient's refusal.

B) Determine the reason for refusal: Understanding why a patient refuses medication is crucial. It may be due to side effects, lack of understanding, personal beliefs, or concerns about the medication. Gathering this information can help the nurse address the patient’s concerns and educate them appropriately.

C) Administer the dose when the next dose is due: Administering a medication that the patient has refused would violate their rights and could be considered coercive. The patient has the right to refuse treatment, and the nurse should respect that decision rather than attempt to administer it later without consent.

D) Document the reason for refusal in the patient's health record: Accurate documentation is vital in healthcare. Recording the patient's refusal and the reason for it in their health record ensures continuity of care and provides information for other healthcare team members regarding the patient's preferences and concerns.

E) Mix it in a small amount of their food: This action is inappropriate and unethical. Coercively administering medication without the patient's consent undermines their autonomy and trust in the healthcare system. The nurse should always respect the patient’s right to refuse medication.