The patient with glaucoma is usually started on the lowest dose of medication. Which of the following is the preferred initial ophthalmic medication?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Prostaglandins

Alpha-agonists

Beta-blockers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is: = b. Prostaglandins

Choice A: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: These medications can be used for glaucoma, but they are not typically the first-line treatment due to potential side effects.

Choice B: Prostaglandins (Correct Answer) These are often the preferred initial medication for glaucoma because they are effective at lowering eye pressure, have minimal systemic side effects, and are typically used once daily.

Choice C: Alpha-agonists: These medications can be used as an adjunct to other glaucoma medications but are not usually the first choice due to potential side effects like dry mouth and fatigue.

Choice D: Beta-blockers: While once a common first-line treatment, beta-blockers have been largely replaced by prostaglandins due to potential side effects like slowed heart rate and worsened breathing problems.

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Correct Answer is ["2 "]

Explanation

Step 1 is: To calculate the rate at which the IV pump should be set to deliver the PRBCs, we need to divide the total volume of PRBCs by the total time for administration.

Step 2 is: Convert the time for administration from hours to minutes because the rate is typically set in mL/min. So, 3 hours is equivalent to 180 minutes.

Step 3 is: Now, divide the total volume of PRBCs (350 mL) by the total time for administration (180 min). So, the calculation is 350 mL ÷ 180 min.

Step 4 is: The final calculated answer is approximately 1.94 mL/min. However, IV pumps typically only allow whole numbers, so we would round this to 2 mL/min.

A. Semi-solid food with thick liquids B. Minced foods and fluid restriction C. Provision of a low-residue diet D. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) .

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
For a client with Parkinson’s disease who has difficulty swallowing or chewing due to muscle rigidity, semi-solid food with thick liquids can be easier to swallow and reduce the risk of choking19.
Choice B rationale
Minced foods and fluid restriction may not provide the necessary nutrients and hydration for a client with Parkinson’s disease19.
Choice C rationale
A low-residue diet, which is low in fiber, may not be appropriate for a client with Parkinson’s disease, as constipation is a common symptom of the disease and fiber can help alleviate this19.
Choice D rationale
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. It is typically reserved for clients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating19.

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The patient with glaucoma is usually started on the lowest dose of medication. Which of the following is the preferred initial ophthalmic medication?

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Correct Answer is ["2 "]

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