The PMHNP is conducting a Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) on an 82-year-old man. The client scores 15. What does this score indicate?
Mild impairment
Moderate impairment
Severe impairment
Normal cognitive function
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Mild impairment typically corresponds to MMSE scores of 21–24, so a score of 15 is below this range.
Choice B reason: This choice is correct because MMSE scores between 10–20 indicate moderate cognitive impairment. A score of 15 suggests the patient has noticeable deficits in memory, orientation, and attention that require assistance in daily functioning.
Choice C reason: Severe impairment is indicated by MMSE scores below 10, reflecting profound cognitive deficits and likely complete dependence in activities of daily living.
Choice D reason: Normal cognitive function is reflected by MMSE scores above 24, so a score of 15 clearly indicates significant cognitive decline.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: CBC, thyroid studies, and HbA1c are not standard pre-treatment requirements for anticonvulsants unless indicated by comorbid conditions.
Choice B reason: CSF analysis and urinalysis are typically reserved for diagnostic workup of seizures, not pre-treatment pharmacogenomic risk assessment.
Choice C reason: Certain anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, carry a risk of severe cutaneous reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Individuals of Asian descent may carry HLA alleles (e.g., HLA-B*1502) that increase susceptibility. Screening reduces risk.
Choice D reason: Referral to psychiatry is unnecessary unless there is suspicion of non-epileptic seizures; it is not a standard consideration prior to anticonvulsant initiation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Providing limited information without consent still breaches patient confidentiality and legal protections under HIPAA.
Choice B reason: The patient, being 18, is legally an adult and has the right to confidentiality regarding her medical and psychiatric care. Consent must be obtained before sharing any information.
Choice C reason: Health insurance coverage does not give a parent the right to access a patient’s medical details; legal protections ensure patient privacy.
Choice D reason: Telling the father to make an appointment does not resolve the confidentiality issue and could lead to inappropriate disclosure.
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