The PMHNP is treating a 26-year-old woman who has borderline personality disorder (BPD). Today, the client says her most recent breakup has left her "completely devastated" and she is thinking about cutting herself. The PMHNP knows dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is the most effective form of therapy for patients with BPD. In this case, which of the following would be a goal of DBT?

The correct answer is: C

Choice A reason: Structural family therapy was developed by Salvador Minuchin, not Virginia Satir. It focuses on reorganizing family structures to improve interactions and resolve dysfunction. While influential in family therapy, it is unrelated to Satir’s work.

Choice B reason: Strategic therapy was pioneered by Jay Haley and the Milan Group. It emphasizes problem-solving and directive interventions, often using paradoxical techniques. This approach differs significantly from Satir’s emphasis on emotional expression and self-awareness.

Choice C reason: Experiential therapy, particularly the Satir Transformational Systemic Therapy (STST), was developed by Virginia Satir. Her model emphasizes emotional honesty, self-esteem, and congruent communication. She believed that change occurs through authentic emotional experiences and that individuals possess innate resources for growth. Her work laid the foundation for experiential approaches in family therapy.

Choice D reason: Solution-focused therapy was developed by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg. It centers on identifying solutions rather than exploring problems, using brief interventions and goal-setting. This model is future-oriented and pragmatic, contrasting with Satir’s depth-oriented, emotionally expressive style.

Choice A reason: Trauma-informed care emphasizes recognizing the widespread impact of trauma and integrating this understanding into all aspects of care. Clinicians are trained to identify signs of trauma and avoid practices that may retraumatize clients. This approach fosters safety, trust, and empowerment.

Choice B reason: While trauma can influence mental health, delaying diagnosis until trauma is ruled out is not a standard practice. Trauma-informed care encourages comprehensive assessment but does not prohibit diagnosis.

Choice C reason: Although ACE scores are valuable tools, assessing trauma at every visit is not a universal requirement. Trauma-informed care is more about creating a safe environment and being responsive to trauma history when relevant.

Choice D reason: Assuming everyone has experienced trauma may lead to overgeneralization and bias. Trauma-informed care promotes sensitivity and awareness, not assumptions. It focuses on individualized care and avoids pathologizing clients based on presumed trauma.