The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a toddler who is hospitalized for pneumonia.
Which stressor is most significant during hospitalization for this age group?
Change in food selections and preparation.
Fear of the unknown and painful procedures.
Unfamiliar people and strange equipment.
Separation from parents and home.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Changes in food selections and preparation can be a minor stressor for hospitalized toddlers, as familiar routines are disrupted. However, while dietary changes might cause some fussiness, they typically do not elicit the profound emotional distress and regression seen with more significant stressors like separation from primary caregivers.
Choice B rationale
Fear of the unknown and painful procedures is certainly a stressor for toddlers. The lack of understanding about medical interventions and the potential for discomfort can cause anxiety. However, for a toddler, the underlying fear of being abandoned by their primary attachment figures often outweighs the fear of the procedures themselves.
Choice C rationale
Unfamiliar people and strange equipment can contribute to a toddler's stress during hospitalization, as they are outside of their usual environment and routine. This can lead to feelings of insecurity and apprehension. However, the emotional impact of these elements is generally less profound than the distress caused by the absence of parents.
Choice D rationale
Separation from parents and home is the most significant stressor for hospitalized toddlers. At this developmental stage, toddlers are deeply reliant on their primary caregivers for security and comfort. Separation can trigger profound feelings of abandonment, anxiety, and lead to regression in developmental milestones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Impulsive and hyperactive behaviors are typically associated with conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which involves neurodevelopmental differences affecting executive function and impulse control. While these behaviors can sometimes lead to accidents, they are not a direct sign of secondary enuresis.
Choice B rationale
Involuntary passage of feces, known as encopresis, is a distinct elimination disorder characterized by the repeated passage of stool into inappropriate places, often due to chronic constipation and overflow incontinence. It is a separate condition from enuresis, which specifically refers to involuntary urination.
Choice C rationale
Increased thirst, or polydipsia, is a common symptom of conditions like diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, where the body attempts to compensate for fluid imbalances or high glucose levels. While some medical conditions causing enuresis might also involve increased thirst, it is not a direct sign of enuresis itself.
Choice D rationale
Declining invitations for sleepovers is a behavioral manifestation often observed in children with enuresis. The fear of embarrassment and shame associated with involuntary urination during sleep can lead them to avoid situations where their condition might be exposed, such as overnight stays at friends' houses.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear, specifically the air-filled space behind the eardrum. This infection typically results from bacterial or viral invasion, often following an upper respiratory tract infection. It leads to inflammation and fluid accumulation, causing pain and hearing impairment.
Choice B rationale
A drainage out of the outer ear, known as otorrhea, can be a symptom of various ear conditions, including otitis externa (swimmer's ear) or a perforated eardrum with middle ear infection, but it is not the definition of acute otitis media itself.
Choice C rationale
An infection of the inner and outer ear would encompass otitis interna (labyrinthitis) and otitis externa. Acute otitis media specifically refers to the middle ear. While infections can spread, this description is not precise for acute otitis media.
Choice D rationale
A defect of the inner ear relates to structural or functional abnormalities of the cochlea or vestibular system, leading to conditions like sensorineural hearing loss or balance issues. This is a congenital or acquired structural problem, not an infection like acute otitis media.
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