The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is:
Capillary
The bronchiole
Arteriole
The alveoli
The Correct Answer is B
A. Capillaries are small blood vessels that are involved in the exchange of gases but are not part of the bronchial tree.
B. The bronchiole is the smallest division of the bronchial tree. It is a narrow airway that connects the larger bronchi to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
C. Arterioles are small blood vessels that are part of the circulatory system, not the respiratory system.
D. The alveoli are the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs, but they are not the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree—this is the bronchiole itself.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Effusion refers to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, not a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli.
B. Bicarbonate is an important component in the buffering system of the blood, but it does not reduce surface tension in the lungs.
C. Exudate is fluid that leaks out of blood vessels due to inflammation or injury, often seen in conditions like pneumonia or pleuritis, but it does not affect surface tension in the alveoli.
D. Surfactant is a lipid-protein mixture produced by type II alveolar cells in the lungs. It reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing the lungs from collapsing and making it easier to breathe.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The cerebral cortex is involved in higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary control of breathing but does not contain central chemoreceptors.
B. Central chemoreceptors are located in the medulla oblongata, a part of the brain stem. They detect changes in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid, which reflects CO₂ levels in the blood, and help regulate breathing accordingly.
C. The aorta contains peripheral chemoreceptors, not central ones. These aortic bodies monitor blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH, but they are outside the central nervous system.
D. The cerebellum coordinates motor control and balance and does not play a role in chemoreception.
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