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An nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of a femur fracture. What is included in the evaluation of the neurovascular status of the client's affected extremity? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: This is not the best intervention because it is timeconsuming and may not be feasible in some situations. Writing down the message can also be impersonal and may not convey the tone or emotion of the speaker. The nurse should use verbal communication as much as possible and supplement it with nonverbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact.

Choice B reason: This is an incorrect intervention because it can be annoying and ineffective. Talking loudly in the impaired ear can cause discomfort and distortion of the sound. It can also damage the remaining hearing in the ear. The nurse should not shout or raise their voice, but rather speak at a normal volume and enunciate clearly.

Choice C reason: This is the best intervention because it enhances the quality and clarity of the verbal message. Speaking slowly and clearly while facing the client allows the client to see the nurse's mouth movements and facial expressions, which can help them understand the words and the meaning. The nurse should also avoid covering their mouth or chewing gum while speaking.

Choice D reason: This is not the best intervention because it can be inconvenient and impractical. Talking in a regular voice in the good ear may require the nurse to move around the client or position themselves in a certain way. It can also make the client feel isolated or singled out. The nurse should try to communicate with the client in a way that is comfortable and respectful for both parties.

Choice A reason: This is an incorrect answer because a pathogenic infection is caused by a microorganism that can cause disease in a healthy host. Pathogens are usually able to overcome the host's immune defenses and cause symptoms and damage. Examples of pathogenic infections are strep throat, tuberculosis, and malaria.

Choice B reason: This is the correct answer because an opportunistic infection is caused by a microorganism that normally does not cause disease in a healthy host, but can take advantage of a weakened immune system and cause serious illness. Opportunistic infections are common and often lifethreatening complications of HIV infection, as the virus destroys the CD4 cells that help fight infections. Examples of opportunistic infections are pneumocystis pneumonia, candidiasis, and toxoplasmosis.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect answer because a nosocomial infection is acquired in a health care setting, such as a hospital, clinic, or nursing home. Nosocomial infections are usually caused by microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics and can spread easily among patients and staff. Examples of nosocomial infections are methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), and urinary tract infections.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect answer because a root cause infection is not a valid term in medical terminology. A root cause is the underlying factor or reason that leads to a problem or outcome. A root cause analysis is a process of identifying and addressing the root causes of a problem or event, such as an infection, to prevent recurrence and improve quality and safety.