What is true about antiretroviral drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Choice A reason: A susceptible host is not an infectious disease, but a factor that influences the transmission of an infectious disease. A susceptible host is a person who is vulnerable to infection due to factors such as age, health status, immunization, or genetic predisposition. A susceptible host may become infected by a communicable disease, but it is not the disease itself.

Choice B reason: A communicable disease is an infectious disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another. A communicable disease is caused by a pathogen, such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite, that can spread through contact, droplet, airborne, vector, or vehicle transmission. Examples of communicable diseases are influenza, tuberculosis, measles, malaria, and HIV/AIDS.

Choice C reason: A portal of entry to a host is not an infectious disease, but a factor that influences the transmission of an infectious disease. A portal of entry to a host is a route through which a pathogen can enter the body of a susceptible host and cause infection. A portal of entry to a host may be a break in the skin, a mucous membrane, or a body opening, such as the mouth, nose, eyes, or genitals. A portal of entry to a host may facilitate the transmission of a communicable disease, but it is not the disease itself.

Choice D reason: A portal of exit from the reservoir is not an infectious disease, but a factor that influences the transmission of an infectious disease. A portal of exit from the reservoir is a route through which a pathogen can leave the body of an infected person or animal and reach another susceptible host. A portal of exit from the reservoir may be a body fluid, such as blood, saliva, urine, or feces, or a body part, such as the skin, hair, or nails. A portal of exit from the reservoir may enable the transmission of a communicable disease, but it is not the disease itself.

Choice A reason: This is an unrealistic and unattainable goal for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease that causes joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and deformity. It is not possible to eliminate pain completely with this condition. The nurse should help the client set realistic and individualized goals for pain management.

Choice B reason: This is a vague and subjective goal for pain control. Pain is a personal and multidimensional experience that varies from person to person. The nurse should use a valid and reliable pain assessment tool, such as the numeric rating scale, to measure the client's pain intensity and quality. The nurse should also ask the client about their acceptable level of pain and how it affects their daily activities and quality of life.

Choice C reason: This is a good goal for general health and wellness, but it is not specific to pain control. Eating healthy meals and staying hydrated can help the client maintain their nutritional status and hydration, which are important for overall health. However, they do not directly address the pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should also consider other factors that can influence pain, such as stress, mood, sleep, and coping strategies.

Choice D reason: This is the best goal for pain control in a client with rheumatoid arthritis. It is realistic, measurable, and individualized. It acknowledges that some pain is inevitable with this condition, but it aims to reduce it to a tolerable level that allows the client to function and enjoy life. It also uses a numeric rating scale to quantify the pain and monitor the effectiveness of interventions.