To decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients, which measure is recommended by health care professionals?
Increase LDL Cholesterol levels.
Increase HDL cholesterol levels.
Decrease LDL Cholesterol levels.
Decrease HDL cholesterol levels.
The Correct Answer is C
LDL cholesterol is sometimes called “bad” cholesterol because it can build up on the walls of the blood vessels and cause health problems, such as heart disease and stroke. High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, decreasing LDL cholesterol levels can lower your risk and improve your health.
Choice A is wrong because increasing LDL cholesterol levels would have the opposite effect of decreasing them. It would increase your risk for cardiovascular disease and plaque buildup in your arteries.
Choice B is wrong because increasing HDL cholesterol levels is not enough to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. HDL cholesterol is sometimes called “good” cholesterol because it can move LDL cholesterol from the blood to the liver, where it is broken down and removed from the body.
However, HDL cholesterol levels alone are not a good indicator of your cardiovascular health. You also need to consider your total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Choice D is wrong because decreasing HDL cholesterol levels would also increase your risk for cardiovascular disease. HDL cholesterol helps to lower LDL cholesterol levels and protect your blood vessels from plaque buildup.
Therefore, decreasing HDL cholesterol levels would reduce this protective effect and make you more vulnerable to heart disease and stroke.
The ideal ranges for cholesterol levels are as follows:
• Total cholesterol: below 200 mg/dL
• LDL cholesterol: less than 100 mg/dL
• HDL cholesterol: above 40 mg/dL for men and above 50 mg/dL for women
You can lower your LDL cholesterol levels and increase your HDL cholesterol levels by making healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, managing stress and taking medication if prescribed by your doctor.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin toxicity because it can reverse the effects of warfarin by restoring the clotting factors.Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme that activates vitamin K in the body.Vitamin K is needed for the synthesis of active coagulation factors, such as II, VII, IX and X.By blocking vitamin K, warfarin reduces the blood’s clotting activity and prevents the formation of blood clots.
Choice A is wrong because vitamin B12 is not involved in the coagulation cascade.Vitamin B12 is mainly involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell production and nerve function.
Choice C is wrong because calcium gluconate is not an antidote for warfarin toxicity.Calcium gluconate is used to treat low blood calcium levels or hypocalcemia.Calcium is also a cofactor for some coagulation factors, but it does not reverse the effects of warfarin.
Choice D is wrong because protamine sulfate is not an antidote for warfarin toxicity.
Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, another type of anticoagulant that works by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa.
Protamine sulfate does not affect the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors that are inhibited by warfarin.
Normal ranges for coagulation tests that are affected by warfarin are:
• Prothrombin time (PT): 11 to 13.5 seconds
• International normalized ratio (INR): 0.8 to 1.2
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): 25 to 35 seconds
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents have a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension.They work by preventing the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, thus lowering the blood pressure.Some examples of alpha 1 blockers are doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.
Choice A is wrong because alpha 3 adrenergic blockers do not exist.There are only two subtypes of alpha receptors: alpha 1 and alpha 2.
Choice B is wrong because alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists are not used for hypertension.They are used for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and opioid withdrawal.Alpha 2 antagonists block the negative feedback mechanism of norepinephrine release, thus increasing the amount of norepinephrine in the blood and raising the blood pressure.
Choice C is wrong because alpha 1 adrenergic agonists have the opposite effect of alpha 1 blockers.They stimulate the alpha 1 receptors and cause vasoconstriction, which increases the blood pressure.Alpha 1 agonists are used for conditions like nasal congestion and hypotension.
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