Certain factors place us at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following are modifiable risk factors? Select all that apply.
Cholesterol level.
Blood pressure.
Family history.
Weight.
Smoking.
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
These are all modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, meaning they can be changed through lifestyle choices or medication. Cholesterol level, blood pressure, weight, and smoking all affect the health of the heart and blood vessels, and can increase the risk of developing conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack, or stroke.
Choice C, family history, is not a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
It is a non-modifiable risk factor, meaning it cannot be changed and is determined by genetics.
Having a family history of cardiovascular disease can increase the risk of developing it, but it does not mean that it is inevitable. Other non-modifiable risk factors include sex, older age, race and ethnicity.
Some normal ranges for the modifiable risk factors are:
• Cholesterol level: total cholesterol should be less than 200 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol should be less than 100 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol should be more than 40 mg/dL for men and more than 50 mg/dL for women; triglycerides should be less than 150 mg/dL.
• Blood pressure: normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg; elevated blood pressure is 120-129/less than 80 mmHg; hypertension stage 1 is 130-139/80-89 mmHg; hypertension stage 2 is 140 or higher/90 or higher mmHg.
• Weight: body mass index (BMI) is a measure of weight relative to height; normal BMI is 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; overweight BMI is 25-29.9 kg/m2; obese BMI is 30 or higher kg/m2.
• Smoking: smoking any amount of tobacco products can harm the cardiovascular system; quitting smoking can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve overall health.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Listeriosis is a foodborne illness that can have severe consequences during pregnancy. To minimize the risk of listeriosis, a pregnant client should avoid certain foods that are more likely to be contaminated with the bacteria Listeria. The correct statement that indicates an understanding of the teaching is:
C) "I can eat grilled chicken on a bun at lunchtime."
Grilled chicken is a safe option, and as long as it's properly cooked, it's a suitable choice during pregnancy. The other options are not recommended during pregnancy:
A) Soft cheeses, like Brie or feta, can carry a risk of Listeria contamination, so they should be avoided.
B) Seafood salad from the grocery store may not be safe as it could contain seafood that's been sitting at improper temperatures, which can increase the risk of foodborne illness.
D) Hot dogs can also be a risk as they are often not served steaming hot, which is necessary to kill any potential Listeria contamination.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents have a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension. They work by blocking the alpha 1 receptors on the vascular smooth muscle, which normally cause vasoconstriction when stimulated by catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine.By preventing this constriction, alpha 1 blockers lower the peripheral resistance and blood pressure
Choice A is wrong because alpha 3 adrenergic blockers do not exist.There are only two types of alpha receptors: alpha 1 and alpha 2
Choice B is wrong because alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists do not have a vasodilating effect.
They block the alpha 2 receptors, which are located presynaptically on the sympathetic nerve terminals and postsynaptically on some vascular smooth muscle cells.Alpha 2 receptors inhibit the release of norepinephrine when activated, so blocking them would increase the sympathetic activity and vasoconstriction
Choice C is wrong because alpha 1 adrenergic agonists do not have a vasodilating effect.
They stimulate the alpha 1 receptors, which cause vasoconstriction and increase the blood pressure.Alpha 1 agonists are used to treat hypotension and nasal congestion
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