True or False: Immune disorders are always associated with an overactive immune system.

Explanation: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for adolescents to protect against certain types of HPV infections, which can lead to cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and throat cancers.

Incorrect choices:

a. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given in infancy and does not protect against certain types of cancer.

b. The influenza vaccine is recommended annually for people of all ages to prevent the flu, not certain types of cancer.

d. The meningococcal vaccine protects against meningococcal infections, not certain types of cancer.

Conclusion xx

Explanation: Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed during the body's initial encounter with a pathogen. They "remember" the specific antigen of the pathogen and allow the immune system to respond more rapidly and effectively if the same pathogen is encountered again in the future. Memory cells are responsible for providing long-term immunity.

Incorrect choices:

a. Engulfing pathogens and foreign invaders is the role of phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils.

b. Initiating the inflammatory response is carried out by various immune cells, including mast cells and basophils, as part of the innate immune response.

c. Producing antibodies in response to infection is the primary role of B cells in the immune system.