What is the primary role of cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity?
Recognizing antigens presented by macrophages.
Producing antibodies against pathogens.
Directly attacking and killing infected cells.
Regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation.
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) are the effector cells of cell-mediated immunity. Their primary role is to directly recognize and kill infected or abnormal cells, such as virus-infected cells or cancer cells. Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis (cell death) in the target cells.
Incorrect choices:
a. Helper T cells, not cytotoxic T cells, recognize antigens presented by macrophages and play a crucial role in activating other immune cells.
b. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies against pathogens during the humoral immune response, not cytotoxic T cells.
d. Regulatory T cells (suppressor T cells) are involved in regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, not cytotoxic T cells.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: Immune disorders can result from either an overactive immune system (autoimmune disorders) or an underactive immune system (immunodeficiency disorders). In autoimmune disorders, the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, while in immunodeficiency disorders, the immune system is weakened, making the individual more susceptible to infections.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Antigen recognition during the immune response occurs when antigens bind to specific receptors on immune cells, such as B cell receptors, T cell receptors, or antibodies. This binding is a critical step that triggers the activation of the immune response against the invading pathogen or foreign substance.
Incorrect choices:
a. Activation of regulatory T cells is important for controlling and regulating the immune response but is not directly related to the antigen recognition process.
b. Production of histamines by mast cells is involved in the inflammatory response, but it is not a direct step in the antigen recognition process.
d. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the innate immune response. They do not release antibodies, as that function is primarily carried out by B cells and plasma cells.
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