During antibody-mediated immunity, what do B cells produce to help eliminate pathogens?

Explanation: B cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in the adaptive immune response. When activated by the presence of specific antigens, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing large quantities of antibodies that can target and neutralize the invading pathogen.

Incorrect choices:

a. T cells are another type of lymphocyte that is involved in cell-mediated immunity, where they directly attack infected or abnormal cells. They do not produce antibodies.

b. Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system and are responsible for killing infected or cancerous cells. They are not involved in antibody production.

d. Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy pathogens and debris in the body. While they play a crucial role in immune responses, they do not produce antibodies.

Explanation: Passive immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are transferred to an individual, providing immediate but temporary protection against a specific pathogen. This can occur naturally from a mother to her newborn or artificially through administration of specific antibodies.

Incorrect choices:

a. Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a pathogen and produces an immune response to provide protection against future infections.

c. Natural immunity refers to immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen, either through infection or vaccination.

d. Herd immunity is the indirect protection that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, either through vaccination or previous infection, reducing the likelihood of transmission to susceptible individuals.