How do memory cells contribute to long-term immunity?
Memory cells directly attack pathogens in the body.
Memory cells produce antibodies upon initial pathogen exposure.
Memory cells recognize and respond rapidly to previously encountered pathogens.
Memory cells regulate the body's temperature during an infection.
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: Memory cells recognize and respond rapidly to previously encountered pathogens. Memory cells are a type of immune cell that are formed after an initial infection or vaccination. They "remember" the specific pathogen and allow the immune system to mount a faster and stronger response upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen, providing long-term immunity.
Incorrect choices:
a. Memory cells do not directly attack pathogens in the body. They serve as a form of immune "memory" to help the body respond more effectively to future infections.
b. Memory cells do not produce antibodies upon initial pathogen exposure. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies in response to the pathogen.
d. Memory cells do not regulate the body's temperature during an infection. Temperature regulation is mainly controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain in response to infection or other stimuli.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Hormones are chemical messengers produced by the endocrine system to regulate various physiological processes in the body. While the endocrine system and immune system can influence each other's activities, hormones are not considered a direct component of the immune system.
Incorrect choices:
a. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell and a critical component of the immune system. They include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells, which play essential roles in immune responses.
b. Antigens are molecules or substances that can trigger an immune response in the body. They are recognized by the immune system as foreign or non-self and can elicit the production of antibodies.
d. Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of antigens. They play a vital role in recognizing and neutralizing foreign substances in the body.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: At 2 months of age, infants are recommended to receive the DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella and is usually administered at a later age. The hepatitis B vaccine is given shortly after birth, and the varicella vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age.
Incorrect choices:
a. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, not whooping cough (pertussis).
b. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given shortly after birth, not at 2 months of age.
d. The varicella vaccine is usually administered at 12 months of age, not at 2 months.
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