Which describes the function of diffusion?
It is the process by which a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane against a concentration gradient
It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one
It is the process by which molecules move from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas.
It is the process by which certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins.
The Correct Answer is C
A. It is the process by which a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane against a concentration gradient:
This describes active transport, not diffusion. Active transport requires ATP to move substances against their gradient.
B. It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one:
This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water.
C. It is the process by which molecules move from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas:
This correctly defines diffusion - the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.
D. It is the process by which certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins:
This describes facilitated diffusion, which still moves substances down their gradient but requires a protein carrier.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Mitral stenosis:
Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve, often due to rheumatic heart disease, not IV drug use or infection.
B. Angina pectoris:
Angina is chest pain due to ischemia, not infection or vegetation on heart valves.
C. Aortic insufficiency:
Aortic insufficiency is leakage of the aortic valve, leading to volume overload, not typically associated with infection and petechiae.
D. Infective endocarditis:
IV drug users are at high risk for infective endocarditis. Symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, petechiae, and vegetations seen on echocardiogram.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Botulism:
Botulism (caused by Clostridium botulinum) is a communicable disease that produces a toxin leading to rapid muscle paralysis, often starting within 6 hours of ingestion.
B. Malaria:
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes that causes fever, chills, and anemia, not muscle paralysis.
C. Lyme disease:
Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi from tick bites, leads to joint pain, neurologic symptoms, and erythema migrans, but not acute paralysis.
D. West Nile virus:
West Nile virus can cause encephalitis and muscle weakness, but the paralysis onset is usually slower, not typically within 6 hours.
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