Which describes the function of diffusion?
It is the process by which a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane against a concentration gradient
It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one
It is the process by which molecules move from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas.
It is the process by which certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins.
The Correct Answer is C
A. It is the process by which a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane against a concentration gradient:
This describes active transport, not diffusion. Active transport requires ATP to move substances against their gradient.
B. It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one:
This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water.
C. It is the process by which molecules move from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas:
This correctly defines diffusion - the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.
D. It is the process by which certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins:
This describes facilitated diffusion, which still moves substances down their gradient but requires a protein carrier.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. It is the process by which a substance requires energy to pass through a membrane against a concentration gradient:
This describes active transport, not diffusion. Active transport requires ATP to move substances against their gradient.
B. It is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one:
This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water.
C. It is the process by which molecules move from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas:
This correctly defines diffusion - the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient.
D. It is the process by which certain molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins:
This describes facilitated diffusion, which still moves substances down their gradient but requires a protein carrier.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. They bind to infected cells and are activated by cytokines:
This describes cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells), which kill infected cells, not helper T cells.
B. They activate B cells and produce small cells called cytokines:
Helper T cells (CD4+ cells) stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and secrete cytokines to coordinate the immune response.
C. They destroy infected cells by producing proteins targeting cell membranes:
Again, this is the role of cytotoxic T cells, not helper T cells.
D. They are non-responsive during active infections:
Helper T cells are highly active during infections, directing other immune cells. They are not non-responsive.
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