What are some of the signs of Parkinson's disease?
Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, postural instability
Dysphagia
Psychiatric changes: depression, anxiety, dementia, delirium, hallucinations
All of the above
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, postural instability are correct because they are the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. They are caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain that control movement. Tremors are involuntary shaking of the limbs or other body parts. Rigidity is stiffness or resistance to movement. Bradykinesia/akinesia is slowness or absence of movement. Postural instability is impaired balance or coordination.
Choice B: Dysphagia is correct because it is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease. It is difficulty swallowing food or liquids. It can result from the impairment of the muscles involved in swallowing or from the reduced production of saliva. Dysphagia can cause malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration, or choking.
Choice C: Psychiatric changes: depression, anxiety, dementia, delirium, hallucinations are correct because they are also common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. They can result from the changes in the brain chemistry or structure, the side effects of medications, or the emotional impact of living with a chronic condition. Depression is a persistent feeling of sadness, hopelessness, or loss of interest. Anxiety is a feeling of nervousness, worry, or fear.
Dementia is a decline in cognitive functions such as memory, atention, or reasoning. Delirium is a sudden state of confusion, disorientation, or agitation. Hallucinations are false perceptions of things that are not there.
Choice D: All of the above are correct because they are possible signs of Parkinson's disease. However, not all patients experience all of these symptoms or to the same degree. The symptoms may vary depending on the stage and progression of the disease, the individual characteristics of the patient, and the treatment options available.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The procedure you are referring to is called a "cone biopsy." It is a medical procedure in which a cone-shaped section of cervical tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. Cone biopsies are typically performed when abnormal cells are detected on a woman's cervix during a routine Pap test or other cervical cancer screening tests. The biopsy can help to determine if the abnormal cells are cancerous or pre-cancerous and can guide further treatment decisions.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The contraceptive sponge is a barrier method of contraception that is inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse. It contains spermicide and blocks the sperm from reaching the egg. The sponge must be left in place for at least 6 hours after intercourse before it is removed. Don't leave it in for more than a total of 30 hours.
a. "You can use this at any time, even when you are menstruating" is incorrect information because the contraceptive sponge should not be used during menstruation.
c. "You need to have the sponge fited before using it" is incorrect information because the contraceptive sponge is a one-size-fits-all device and does not require fitting.
d. "Clean the with mild soap and water after using it" is also incorrect information because the contraceptive sponge is a disposable device and should be discarded after use. It should not be reused or washed.
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