What assessment findings support the diagnosis of peritonitis?
Abdominal cramping
Profuse diarrhea
Hyperactive bowel sounds
A hard, rigid abdomen
The Correct Answer is D
A. Abdominal cramping can occur with various gastrointestinal conditions, including peritonitis. However, it is not specific to peritonitis and may also be present in conditions like gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction.
B. Profuse diarrhea is typically associated with gastrointestinal infections or inflammatory bowel diseases rather than peritonitis. In fact, peritonitis often leads to reduced bowel activity, potentially resulting in constipation rather than diarrhea.
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds can occur in early stages of peritonitis but are not a classic finding. In many cases of peritonitis, bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the body’s response to inflammation. While it might be observed in some instances, it is not characteristic of peritonitis.
D. This is a classic and significant finding in peritonitis. A hard, rigid abdomen indicates muscle guarding, which is the body’s response to inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum. This rigidity is often referred to as "board-like" and is a key indicator of peritonitis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Behavioral modifications are crucial for long-term success after bariatric surgery. Surgery is a tool to aid weight loss, but without continued behavioral changes, patients may regain weight. Ongoing support and behavioral strategies are essential for maintaining weight loss and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
B. Many patients experience significant improvements in comorbidities such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery due to weight loss and metabolic changes. This reflects a positive outcome of the surgery.
C. The gastric sleeve procedure involves removing a large portion of the stomach, which cannot be reversed. Patients should understand that this is a permanent change to their digestive system.
D. The gastric bypass procedure involves creating a small pouch from the stomach and rerouting the small intestine to this pouch, effectively reducing food intake and nutrient absorption. This is a well- understood aspect of the procedure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach lining and is the most common cause of chronic gastritis. It is associated with the development of peptic ulcers and can lead to long-term inflammation of the stomach lining. This option is the correct answer.
B. Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can irritate the stomach lining and cause acute or chronic gastritis, particularly with long-term use. However, while they are significant contributors, they are not the most common cause of chronic gastritis overall.
C. Chronic alcohol consumption can damage the stomach lining and lead to gastritis. While it is a known risk factor for gastric inflammation, it is less common than H. pylori infection as a primary cause of chronic gastritis.
D. Smoking can exacerbate gastric conditions and is associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, but it is not a direct or common cause of chronic gastritis.
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