What assessment findings support the diagnosis of peritonitis?

Abdominal cramping

Profuse diarrhea

Hyperactive bowel sounds

A hard, rigid abdomen

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Abdominal cramping can occur with various gastrointestinal conditions, including peritonitis. However, it is not specific to peritonitis and may also be present in conditions like gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction.
B.   Profuse diarrhea is typically associated with gastrointestinal infections or inflammatory bowel diseases rather than peritonitis. In fact, peritonitis often leads to reduced bowel activity, potentially resulting in constipation rather than diarrhea.
C.   Hyperactive bowel sounds can occur in early stages of peritonitis but are not a classic finding. In many cases of peritonitis, bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the body’s response to inflammation. While it might be observed in some instances, it is not characteristic of peritonitis.
D.   This is a classic and significant finding in peritonitis. A hard, rigid abdomen indicates muscle guarding, which is the body’s response to inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum. This rigidity is often referred to as "board-like" and is a key indicator of peritonitis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Elevating the head of the bed is a recommended practice for individuals with GERD, as it helps prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep. This shows the patient is taking proactive steps to manage their condition.
B. Using antacids can provide symptomatic relief from heartburn and discomfort associated with GERD. Taking them between meals and at bedtime can help neutralize stomach acid, which is a common practice for managing GERD symptoms.
C. Eating large meals, especially rich or fatty foods, and snacking before bedtime can exacerbate GERD symptoms by increasing stomach pressure and acid production. Patients with GERD are typically advised to eat smaller meals and avoid eating close to bedtime to reduce reflux episodes.
D. Chewing gum can actually be beneficial for some GERD patients as it stimulates saliva production, which can help neutralize stomach acid.

A. History of bulimia B. Drinks green tea C. Has a glass of wine with dinner each day D. History of NSAID use

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Bulimia involves episodes of binge eating followed by purging and can lead to a range of gastrointestinal issues, including esophageal damage and electrolyte imbalances. However, it is not a direct risk factor for the development of peptic ulcers. While it can affect the digestive system, it does not inherently increase the risk of ulcers.
B. Green tea is generally considered to have health benefits and is not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers. In some cases, it may even provide protective effects against gastric ulcers due to its antioxidant properties.
C. Moderate alcohol consumption can have varying effects on gastric mucosa. While excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for developing ulcers, moderate consumption, such as a glass of wine with dinner, is not typically considered a significant risk factor.
D. This is a well-established risk factor for peptic ulcer disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can irritate the gastric lining and inhibit the production of protective mucus, leading to an increased risk of developing ulcers.

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What assessment findings support the diagnosis of peritonitis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which statement by the patient with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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