What type of diarrhea is described as greasy and foul-smelling, and often occurs in people with malabsorption disorders?

Choice A reason: Diabetes insipidus causes excessive water loss via dilute urine, leading to dehydration and decreased blood volume, resulting in hypotension. Reduced vascular pressure is a direct consequence, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice B reason: Increased thirst (polydipsia) occurs in diabetes insipidus as the body compensates for massive water loss through dilute urine, triggered by low antidiuretic hormone or kidney response, making this a correct manifestation.

Choice C reason: Decreased heart rate is not typical; diabetes insipidus causes tachycardia due to dehydration and low blood volume, as the heart compensates for hypotension. Bradycardia does not fit, making this incorrect.

Choice D reason: Decreased urine output is incorrect; diabetes insipidus causes polyuria due to inability to concentrate urine, resulting from deficient antidiuretic hormone or renal response, making this choice incorrect.

Choice E reason: Increased glucose level is unrelated to diabetes insipidus, which affects water balance, not glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia occurs in diabetes mellitus, not insipidus, making this choice incorrect.

Choice A reason: Cell-mediated immunity, part of adaptive immunity, targets specific pathogens after exposure, not species-specific barriers. It is not the primary defense against cross-species transmission, making this choice incorrect for species-specific immunity.

Choice B reason: Natural immunity is a vague term, often meaning innate or acquired immunity. It is not specifically species-specific, as innate immunity provides the primary barrier to zoonotic diseases, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Acquired immunity develops after exposure or vaccination, targeting specific pathogens. It is not species-specific and does not primarily prevent animal-to-human disease spread, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Innate immunity, including species-specific barriers like skin and mucosal defenses, prevents pathogen transmission across species. These non-specific mechanisms reduce zoonotic disease risk, making this the correct choice for species-specific immunity.